03 接口适配

1 同一接口的多实现

接口最吸引人的原因之一是相同的接口可以有多个实现。在简单情况下体现在一个方法接受接口作为参数，该接口的实现和传递对象则取决于方法的使用者。

编写一个方法执行某些操作并接受一个指定的接口作为参数。可以说：“只要对象遵循接口，就可以调用方法”，这使得方法更加灵活，通用，并更具可复用性。

package com.hcong.interfaces;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @Classname RandomStrings
 * @Date 2023/4/3 14:51
 * @Created by HCong
 */
public class RandomStrings implements Readable {

    private static Random rand = new Random(1);
    private static final char[] CAPITALS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
    private static final char[] LOWERS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".toCharArray();
    private static final char[] VOWELS = "aeiou".toCharArray();
    private int count;

    public RandomStrings(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }

    @Override
    public int read(CharBuffer cb) throws IOException {
        if (count-- == 0)
            return -1;
        cb.append(CAPITALS[rand.nextInt(CAPITALS.length)]);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            cb.append(VOWELS[rand.nextInt(VOWELS.length)]);
            cb.append(LOWERS[rand.nextInt(LOWERS.length)]);
        }
        cb.append(" ");
        return 10; // Number of characters appended
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(new RandomStrings(5));
        while (sc.hasNext()) {
            System.out.println(sc.next());
        }
    }
}

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2 接口与适配器模式

假设你有一个类没有实现 Readable 接口，怎样才能让 Scanner 作用于它呢？

package com.hcong.interfaces;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @Classname RandomDoubles
 * @Date 2023/4/3 15:08
 * @Created by HCong
 */
public interface RandomDoubles {
    Random RAND = new Random(47);

    default double next() {
        return RAND.nextDouble();
    }

    static void main(String[] args) {
        RandomDoubles rd = new RandomDoubles() {
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            System.out.println(rd.next() + " ");
        }
    }
}

通过关键字 interface 提供的多继承，我们可以创建一个既是 RandomDoubles，又是 Readable 的类：

package com.hcong.interfaces;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @Classname AdaptedRandomDoubles
 * @Date 2023/4/3 15:10
 * @Created by HCong
 */
public class AdaptedRandomDoubles implements RandomDoubles, Readable {
    private int count;

    public AdaptedRandomDoubles(int count) {
        this.count = count;
    }

    @Override
    public int read(CharBuffer cb) {
        if (count-- == 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        String result = Double.toString(next()) + " ";
        cb.append(result);
        return result.length();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner s = new Scanner(new AdaptedRandomDoubles(7));
        while (s.hasNextDouble()) {
            System.out.println(s.nextDouble() + " ");
        }
    }
}

0.7271157860730044 
0.5309454508634242 
0.16020656493302599 
0.18847866977771732 
0.5166020801268457 
0.2678662084200585 
0.2613610344283964