03 集合与迭代器

1 集合与迭代器

如果所编写的方法接受一个 Collection ，那么该方法可以应用于任何实现了 Collection 的类——这也就使得一个新类可以选择去实现 Collection 接口，以便该方法可以使用它。
集合之间的所有共性都是通过迭代器实现的。

package com.hcong.collections;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * @Classname InterfaceVsIterator
 * @Date 2023/4/4 15:40
 * @Created by HCong
 */
public class InterfaceVsIterator {
    public static void display(Iterator<Integer> it) {
        System.out.println("display Iterator");
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Integer next = it.next();
            System.out.print(next + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void display(Collection<Integer> coll) {
        System.out.println("display Collection");
        for (Integer i : coll) {
            System.out.print(i + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList();
        Collections.addAll(list, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);

        display(list.iterator());
        display(list);
    }
}

display Iterator
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
display Collection
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

2 for-in 与迭代器

使用 for-in 是所有 Collection 对象的特征，原因是 Java 5 引入了一个名为 Iterable 的接口，该接口包含一个能够生成 Iterator 的 iterator() 方法。

package com.hcong.collections;

import java.util.Iterator;

/**
 * @Classname IterableClass
 * @Date 2023/4/5 14:40
 * @Created by HCong
 */
public class IterableClass implements Iterable<String> {
    protected String[] words = "And that is how we know the Earth to be banana-shaped.".split(" ");

    @Override
    public Iterator<String> iterator() {
        return new Iterator<String>() {
            private int index = 0;

            @Override
            public boolean hasNext() {
                return index < words.length;
            }

            @Override
            public String next() {
                return words[index++];
            }
        };
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IterableClass strings = new IterableClass();
        Iterator<String> iterator = strings.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            System.out.print(iterator.next() + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("==============================");

        for (String s : new IterableClass()) {
            System.out.print(s + " ");
        }
    }
}

And that is how we know the Earth to be banana-shaped. 
==============================
And that is how we know the Earth to be banana-shaped. 

但是，Map 并未继承该接口。因此，Map 的遍历一般将其转换为 Set：

package com.hcong.collections;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @Classname EnvironmentVariables
 * @Date 2023/4/5 14:54
 * @Created by HCong
 */
public class EnvironmentVariables {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (Map.Entry entry : System.getenv().entrySet()) {
            System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ": " +
                    entry.getValue());
        }
    }
}