(2024年春,合肥高三第一次教学质量检测考试第19题)
设实数
q
≠
0
q\neq 0
q=0。对任意正整数
n
n
n,定义
[
n
]
q
:
=
1
+
q
+
…
+
q
n
−
1
,
[n]_q:=1+q+\ldots + q^{n-1},
[n]q:=1+q+…+qn−1,
[
n
]
q
!
=
[
1
]
q
⋅
[
2
]
q
⋅
…
⋅
[
n
]
q
,
[n]_q! = [1]_q \cdot [2]_q \cdot \ldots \cdot [n]_q,
[n]q!=[1]q⋅[2]q⋅…⋅[n]q,
(
n
k
)
q
=
[
n
]
q
!
[
k
]
q
!
[
n
−
k
]
q
!
,
\binom{n}{k}_q = \frac{[n]_q!}{[k]_q! [n-k]_q!},
(kn)q=[k]q![n−k]q![n]q!,
这里约定
0
≤
k
≤
n
,
[
0
]
q
!
=
1
0\leq k \leq n, [0]_q!=1
0≤k≤n,[0]q!=1.
(1) 计算
(
5
3
)
2
\binom{5}{3}_2
(35)2.
(2) 证明:对任意
0
≤
k
≤
n
−
1
0 \leq k \leq n-1
0≤k≤n−1, 有
(
n
k
)
q
=
(
n
−
1
k
−
1
)
q
+
q
k
(
n
−
1
k
)
q
.
\binom{n}{k}_q = \binom{n-1}{k-1}_q +q^k \binom{n-1}{k}_q.
(kn)q=(k−1n−1)q+qk(kn−1)q.
(3) 证明:对任意 0 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 0 \leq k \leq n-1 0≤k≤n−1 以及任意非负整数 m m m, 有 ( n + m + 1 k + 1 ) q − ( n k + 1 ) q = ∑ i = 0 m q n − k + i ( n + i k ) q . \binom{n+m+1}{k+1}_q - \binom{n}{k+1}_q =\sum_{i=0}^m q^{n-k+i} \binom{n+i}{k}_q. (k+1n+m+1)q−(k+1n)q=i=0∑mqn−k+i(kn+i)q.