《C语言程序设计（第二版新版）》第三章习题解答（部分）

3-2

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAXLINE 100

void escape(char s[], char t[]);
void dis_escape(char s[], char t[]);
int getline(char line[], int);
int main()
{
	char s[MAXLINE], t[MAXLINE];

	while (1)
	{
		getline(s, MAXLINE);
		getline(t, MAXLINE);
		escape(s, t);
		printf("After:\ns:%s\n", s);
		escape(t, s);
		printf("After:\nt:%s\n", t);
	}
	return 0;
}

int getline(char line[], int lim)
{
	int i, c;

	i = 0;

	printf("input:\n");
	while (i < lim - 1 && (c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF)
	{
		line[i] = c;
		i++;
	}
	if (c == '\n')
	{
		line[i] = c;
		i++;
	}
	line[i] = '\0';
	return i;
}

void escape(char s[], char t[])
{
	int sn, tn;

	sn = 0;
	tn = 0;

	while (s[sn] != '\n')
		sn++;
	while (t[tn] != '\0')
	{
		switch (t[tn])
		{
		case '\n':
			s[sn++] = '\\';
			s[sn++] = 'n';
			break;
		case '\t':
			s[sn++] = '\\';
			s[sn++] = 't';
			break;
		default:
			s[sn++] = t[tn];
			break;
		}
		tn++;
		//s[sn++] = t[tn++];
	}
	s[sn] = '\0';
}

void dis_escape(char s[], char t[])
{
	int sn, tn;

	sn = 0;
	tn = 0;

	while (s[sn] != '\n')
		sn++;
	while (t[tn] != '\0')
	{
		if (t[tn] == '\\')
		{
			tn++;
			switch (t[tn])
			{
			case 'n':
				s[sn++] = '\n';
				break;
			case 't':
				s[sn++] = '\t';
				break;
			default:
				s[sn++] = '\\';
				s[sn++] = t[tn];
				break;
			}
		}
		else
			s[sn++] = t[tn];
		tn++;
	}
	s[sn] = '\0';
}

3-3

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAXLINE 100

void espand(char s1[], char s2[]);
int getline(char line[], int);

int main()
{
	char s1[MAXLINE], s2[MAXLINE];

	while (1)
	{
		getline(s1, MAXLINE);
		espand(s1, s2);
		printf("t:\n%s\n", s2);
	}
	return 0;
}

int getline(char line[], int lim)
{
	int i, c;

	i = 0;

	printf("input:\n");
	while (i < lim - 1 && (c = getchar()) != '\n' && c != EOF)
	{
		line[i] = c;
		i++;
	}
	if (c == '\n')
	{
		line[i] = c;
		i++;
	}
	line[i] = '\0';
	return i;
}


void espand(char s1[], char s2[])
{
	char before, now,i;
	int n1, n2, status, before_status, flag,end;

	n1 = 0;
	n2 = 0;
	before = '\0';
	status = 0;
	before_status = 0;
	flag = 0;
	end = 0;

	while (s1[n1] != '\0')
	{
		now = s1[n1];
		if (now >= '0' && now <= '9')
			status = 1;
		else if (now >= 'a' && now <= 'z')
			status = 2;
		else if (now >= 'A' && now <= 'Z')
			status = 3;
		else
			status = 0;

		if (flag)
		{
			if (status == before_status && before < now)
			{
				for (i = before; i < now; i++)
					s2[n2++] = i;	
			}
			else
			{
				s2[n2++] = before;
				s2[n2++] = '-';
			}
			end = 1;
			s2[n2++] = now;
		}
		else if (now == '-' && before == '\0')
		{
			s2[n2++] = '-';
			end = 1;
		}
		else if (now != '-' && before != '\0')
		{
			s2[n2++] = before;
		}
		
		
		if (end)
		{
			before = 0;
			flag = 0;
			end = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			if (now != '-')
			{
				flag = 0;
				before = now;
				before_status = status;
			}
			else
				flag = 1;
		}
		n1++;
	}
	s2[n2] = '\0';
}

3-4

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXLINE 100

void itoa(char n, char s[]);
void reverse(char s[]);

int main()
{
	int n;
	char s[MAXLINE];

	while (1)
	{
		printf("input:\n");
		scanf("%d", &n);
		itoa(n, s);
		printf("s:\n%s\n", s);
	}

	return 0;
}

void itoa(char n, char s[])
{
	char i, sign;

	printf("n:\n%o\n", n);//'~'是取反
	if ((sign = n) < 0)
		n = -n;//'-'是求补码
	i = 0;
	if (n != -128)
	{
		do
		{
			s[i++] = n % 10 + '0';
		} while ((n /= 10) > 0);
		if (sign < 0)
			s[i++] = '-';
	}
	else
	{		
		n++;	
		n = -n;
		do
		{
			s[i++] = n % 10 + '0';
		} while ((n /= 10) > 0);
		s[0]++;
		if (sign < 0)
			s[i++] = '-';
	}
	s[i] = '\0';
	reverse(s);
}

void reverse(char s[])
{
	int c, i, j;

	for (i = 0, j = strlen(s) - 1; i < j; i++, j--)
	{
		c = s[i];
		s[i] = s[j];
		s[j] = c;
	}
}

3-5

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXLINE 100

void itob(int n, char s[], int b);
void reverse(char s[]);

int main()
{
	int n, b;
	char s[MAXLINE];

	while (1)
	{
		printf("input n:\n");
		scanf("%d", &n);
		printf("input b:\n");
		scanf("%d", &b);
		itob(n, s, b);
		printf("s:\n%s\n", s);
	}

	return 0;
}

void itob(int n, char s[],int b)
{
	int i, sign;

	if ((sign = n) < 0)
		n = -n;//'-'是求补码
	i = 0;
	if(b > 10)
	{
		do
		{
			s[i] = n % b + '0';
			if (s[i] > '9')
			{
				s[i] = s[i] - '9' - 1 + 'A';
			}
			i++;
		} while ((n /= b) > 0);
	}
	else
	{
		do
		{
			s[i++] = n % b + '0';
		} while ((n /= b) > 0);
	}
	if (sign < 0)
		s[i++] = '-';
	s[i] = '\0';
	reverse(s);
}

void reverse(char s[])
{
	int c, i, j;

	for (i = 0, j = strlen(s) - 1; i < j; i++, j--)
	{
		c = s[i];
		s[i] = s[j];
		s[j] = c;
	}
}

3-6

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXLINE 100

void itoa(char n, char s[],int width);
void reverse(char s[]);

int main()
{
	int n,width;
	char s[MAXLINE];

	while (1)
	{
		printf("input n:\n");
		scanf("%d", &n);
		printf("input width:\n");
		scanf("%d", &width);
		itoa(n, s, width);
		printf("s:\n%s\n", s);
	}

	return 0;
}

void itoa(char n, char s[], int width)
{
	char i, sign;

	printf("n:\n%o\n", n);//'~'是取反
	if ((sign = n) < 0)
		n = -n;//'-'是求补码
	i = 0;
	if (n != -128)
	{
		do
		{
			s[i++] = n % 10 + '0';
		} while ((n /= 10) > 0);
		if (sign < 0)
			s[i++] = '-';
	}
	else
	{		
		n++;	
		n = -n;
		do
		{
			s[i++] = n % 10 + '0';
		} while ((n /= 10) > 0);
		s[0]++;
		if (sign < 0)
			s[i++] = '-';
	}
	for (; i < width; i++)
		s[i] = ' ';
	s[i] = '\0';
	reverse(s);
}

void reverse(char s[])
{
	int c, i, j;

	for (i = 0, j = strlen(s) - 1; i < j; i++, j--)
	{
		c = s[i];
		s[i] = s[j];
		s[j] = c;
	}
}