io学习：1.标准io与文件io

一、标准io与文件io的区别

1.缓存区

（这是哪本书里写的来，忘记了。一定要找到！！！贴原图）

标准io的缓存类型（APUE）：
全缓存：在填满标准I/O缓冲区后才进行实际的I/O操作；
行缓存：当输入输出中遇到换行符时,标准I/O库执行I/O操作
无缓存：

vi -t FILE 结果如下：

typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;

Ctrl + ] 追索源码如下：

struct _IO_FILE {
  int _flags;       /* High-order word is _IO_MAGIC; rest is flags. */
#define _IO_file_flags _flags

  /* The following pointers correspond to the C++ streambuf protocol. */
  /* Note:  Tk uses the _IO_read_ptr and _IO_read_end fields directly. */
  char* _IO_read_ptr;   /* Current read pointer */
  char* _IO_read_end;   /* End of get area. */
  char* _IO_read_base;  /* Start of putback+get area. */
  char* _IO_write_base; /* Start of put area. */
  char* _IO_write_ptr;  /* Current put pointer. */
  char* _IO_write_end;  /* End of put area. */
  char* _IO_buf_base;   /* Start of reserve area. */
  char* _IO_buf_end;    /* End of reserve area. */
  /* The following fields are used to support backing up and undo. */
  char *_IO_save_base; /* Pointer to start of non-current get area. */
  char *_IO_backup_base;  /* Pointer to first valid character of backup area */
  char *_IO_save_end; /* Pointer to end of non-current get area. */

  struct _IO_marker *_markers;

  struct _IO_FILE *_chain;

  int _fileno;
#if 0
  int _blksize;
#else
  int _flags2;
#endif
  _IO_off_t _old_offset; /* This used to be _offset but it's too small.  */

#define __HAVE_COLUMN /* temporary */
  /* 1+column number of pbase(); 0 is unknown. */
  unsigned short _cur_column;
  signed char _vtable_offset;
  char _shortbuf[1];

  /*  char* _save_gptr;  char* _save_egptr; */

  _IO_lock_t *_lock;
#ifdef _IO_USE_OLD_IO_FILE
};

二、标准io与文件io的相关函数

三、read和write何时阻塞？何时非阻塞？

默认情况：
默认阻塞：
1.读取终端字符；
2.读取网络socket套接字；
3.管道文件（pipe/fifo）；
默认非阻塞：
1.读取磁盘上的文件；

fcntl函数：可以获取、设置文件的属性，设置阻塞或者非阻塞；