OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第二十三课

• 简介

这节课我们将学习使用环境纹理映射。这种映射方式可以让物体表面看上去像镜子一样反射周围的环境。这节课的代码是在前面第十八节课程的基础上修改的。

• 实现

本课的实现过程十分的简单，在几何体的生成中添加一个环境纹理osg::TexGen属性即可。

首先创建背景几何体

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1. osg::Group* createBackGroup()  
2. {  
3.     osg::Group *backGroup = new osg::Group;  
4.     osg::Geode* bgGeode = new osg::Geode;  
5.     osg::Geometry *bgGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
6.   
7.     osg::Vec3Array *verticesArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
8.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-13.3f, -10.0f,  10.0f));  
9.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(13.3f, -10.0f,  10.0f));  
10.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(13.3f,  10.0f,  10.0f));  
11.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-13.3f,  10.0f,  10.0f));  
12.     osg::Vec3Array *verticesNormal = new osg::Vec3Array;  
13.     verticesNormal->push_back(osg::Vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));  
14.     osg::Vec2Array *texArray = new osg::Vec2Array;  
15.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
16.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
17.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
18.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
19.   
20.     osg::Texture2D *texture = new osg::Texture2D;  
21.     texture->setImage(osgDB::readImageFile("Data/BG.bmp"));  
22.     texture->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
23.     texture->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
24.   
25.     bgGeometry->setVertexArray(verticesArray);  
26.     bgGeometry->setNormalArray(verticesNormal, osg::Array::BIND_OVERALL);  
27.     bgGeometry->setTexCoordArray(0, texArray);  
28.     bgGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 0, 4));  
29.     bgGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture);  
30.   
31.     bgGeode->addDrawable(bgGeometry);  
32.   
33.     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
34.     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0, 0, -24));  
35.   
36.     backGroup->addChild(zoomMT);  
37.     zoomMT->addChild(bgGeode);  
38.   
39.     return backGroup;  
40. }  

接着给几何体添加TexGen的属性，按照NeHe课程中的设置：

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1. osg::TexGen *texGen = new osg::TexGen;  
2. texGen->setMode(osg::TexGen::SPHERE_MAP);  
3. g_Switch->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texGen);  

这里我们将节点的属性设置给它的父节点，默认情况下子节点会继承父节点的属性，我们也可以强制使用osg::StateAttribute::OVERRIDE设置。

接下来将两个节点添加到场景中：

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1. quadYRotMT->addChild(g_Switch);  
2. quadXRotMT->addChild(quadYRotMT);  
3. quadMT->addChild(quadXRotMT);  
4.   
5. root->addChild(quadMT);  
6. root->addChild(createBackGroup());  

编译运行程序：

附：本科源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足，仅供参考)

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/NodeVisitor>  
13. #include <osg/Texture2D>  
14.   
15. #include <osgGA/GUIEventAdapter>  
16.   
17. #include <osg/Light>  
18. #include <osg/LightModel>  
19. #include <osg/LightSource>  
20.   
21. #include <osg/ShapeDrawable>  
22. #include <osg/Switch>  
23.   
24. #include <osg/TexGen>  
25.   
26.   
27. //  
28. //开关节点  
29. osg::Switch     *g_Switch;  
30.   
31. //  
32. //FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor用来遍历寻找与指定名称相同的节点  
33.   
34. class FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor : public osg::NodeVisitor  
35. {  
36. public:  
37.     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor(const std::string& name):  
38.       osg::NodeVisitor(osg::NodeVisitor::TRAVERSE_ALL_CHILDREN),  
39.           _name(name), _foundNode(NULL) {}  
40.   
41.       virtual void apply(osg::Node& node)  
42.       {  
43.           if (node.getName()==_name)  
44.           {  
45.               _foundNode = &node;  
46.               return;  
47.           }  
48.           traverse(node);  
49.       }  
50.   
51.       std::string _name;  
52.       osg::Node *_foundNode;  
53. };  
54.   
55. //  
56. //RotateCallback  
57.   
58. class RotateCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
59. {  
60.   
61. public:  
62.     RotateCallback(osg::Vec3d rotateAxis, double rotateSpeed) :   
63.       osg::NodeCallback(),  
64.           _rotateAxis(rotateAxis),   
65.           _rotateSpeed(rotateSpeed),  
66.           _rotateAngle(0.0)  
67.       {  
68.           //Nop  
69.       }  
70.   
71.       void setRotateSpeed(double speed)  
72.       {  
73.           _rotateSpeed = speed;  
74.       }  
75.   
76.       double getRotateSpeed() const  
77.       {  
78.           return _rotateSpeed;  
79.       }  
80.   
81.       virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
82.       {  
83.           osg::MatrixTransform *currentMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
84.           if (currentMT)  
85.           {  
86.               //获取当前的平移位置  
87.               osg::Vec3d currentTranslate = currentMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
88.               osg::Matrix newMatrix = osg::Matrix::rotate(_rotateAngle, _rotateAxis) * osg::Matrix::translate(currentTranslate);  
89.               currentMT->setMatrix(newMatrix);  
90.               _rotateAngle += _rotateSpeed;  
91.           }  
92.   
93.           traverse(node, nv);  
94.       }  
95.   
96.   
97. private:  
98.     osg::Vec3d _rotateAxis;         //旋转轴  
99.     double        _rotateSpeed;     //旋转速度  
100.     double        _rotateAngle;     //当前旋转的角度  
101. };  
102.   
103.   
104.   
105.   
106. //  
107.   
108. class ManipulatorSceneHandler : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler  
109. {  
110. public:  
111.     ManipulatorSceneHandler()  
112.     {  
113.     }  
114.   
115.     virtual bool handle(const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea, osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& aa)  
116.     {  
117.         osgViewer::Viewer *viewer = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::Viewer*>(&aa);  
118.         if (!viewer)  
119.             return false;  
120.         if (!viewer->getSceneData())  
121.             return false;  
122.         if (ea.getHandled())   
123.             return false;  
124.   
125.         osg::Group *root = viewer->getSceneData()->asGroup();  
126.   
127.         switch(ea.getEventType())  
128.         {  
129.         case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):  
130.             {  
131.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Left)  
132.                 {  
133.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("yRotMT");  
134.                     root->accept(fnv);  
135.   
136.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
137.                     osg::MatrixTransform *yRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
138.                     if (!yRotMT)  
139.                         return false;  
140.   
141.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(yRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
142.   
143.                     if (!rotCallback)  
144.                         return false;  
145.   
146.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
147.                     speed += 0.02;  
148.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
149.   
150.                 }  
151.   
152.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Right)  
153.                 {  
154.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("yRotMT");  
155.                     root->accept(fnv);  
156.   
157.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
158.                     osg::MatrixTransform *yRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
159.                     if (!yRotMT)  
160.                         return false;  
161.   
162.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(yRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
163.   
164.                     if (!rotCallback)  
165.                         return false;  
166.   
167.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
168.                     speed -= 0.02;  
169.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
170.                 }  
171.   
172.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Up)  
173.                 {  
174.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("xRotMT");  
175.                     root->accept(fnv);  
176.   
177.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
178.                     osg::MatrixTransform *xRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
179.                     if (!xRotMT)  
180.                         return false;  
181.   
182.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(xRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
183.   
184.                     if (!rotCallback)  
185.                         return false;  
186.   
187.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
188.                     speed += 0.02;  
189.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
190.                 }  
191.   
192.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Down)  
193.                 {  
194.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("xRotMT");  
195.                     root->accept(fnv);  
196.   
197.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
198.                     osg::MatrixTransform *xRotMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
199.                     if (!xRotMT)  
200.                         return false;  
201.   
202.                     RotateCallback *rotCallback = dynamic_cast<RotateCallback*>(xRotMT->getUpdateCallback());  
203.   
204.                     if (!rotCallback)  
205.                         return false;  
206.   
207.                     double speed = rotCallback->getRotateSpeed();  
208.                     speed -= 0.02;  
209.                     rotCallback->setRotateSpeed(speed);  
210.                 }  
211.   
212.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Up)  
213.                 {     
214.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("zoomMT");  
215.                     root->accept(fnv);  
216.   
217.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
218.                     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
219.                     if (!zoomMT)  
220.                         return false;  
221.   
222.                     osg::Vec3 trans = zoomMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
223.                     trans.set(trans.x(), trans.y(), trans.z() + 0.2);  
224.                     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(trans));  
225.                 }  
226.   
227.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Page_Down)  
228.                 {  
229.                     FindFirstNamedNodeVisitor fnv("zoomMT");  
230.                     root->accept(fnv);  
231.   
232.                     osg::Node *mtNode = fnv._foundNode;  
233.                     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(mtNode);  
234.                     if (!zoomMT)  
235.                         return false;  
236.   
237.                     osg::Vec3 trans = zoomMT->getMatrix().getTrans();  
238.                     trans.set(trans.x(), trans.y(), trans.z() - 0.2);  
239.                     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(trans));  
240.                 }  
241.   
242.                 if (ea.getKey()== osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_L)  
243.                 {  
244.                     static int i = 0;  
245.                     if (i % 2 == 0) {  
246.                         root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
247.                     } else {  
248.                         root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::ON);  
249.                     }  
250.                     ++i;  
251.                 }  
252.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Space)  
253.                 {  
254.                     static int index = 0;  
255.                     g_Switch->setSingleChildOn(++index % 4);  
256.                 }  
257.   
258.             }  
259.         default: break;  
260.         }  
261.         return false;  
262.     }  
263. };  
264.   
265. //  
266.   
267. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
268. {  
269. public:  
270.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
271.     {  
272.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
273.   
274.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
275.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
276.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
277.         setLayout( layout );  
278.   
279.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
280.         _timer.start( 10 );  
281.     }  
282.   
283.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
284.     {  
285.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
286.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
287.   
288.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
289.   
290.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );  
291.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
292.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
293.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
294.   
295.         osg::StateSet* globalStateset = camera->getStateSet();  
296.         if (globalStateset)  
297.         {  
298.             osg::LightModel* lightModel = new osg::LightModel;  
299.             lightModel->setAmbientIntensity(osg::Vec4(0,0,0,0));  
300.             globalStateset->setAttributeAndModes(lightModel, osg::StateAttribute::ON);  
301.         }  
302.   
303.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
304.         this->addEventHandler(new ManipulatorSceneHandler());  
305.   
306.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
307.     }  
308.   
309.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
310.     {  
311.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
312.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
313.         traits->windowName = name;  
314.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
315.         traits->x = x;  
316.         traits->y = y;  
317.         traits->width = w;  
318.         traits->height = h;  
319.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
320.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
321.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
322.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
323.         traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();  
324.   
325.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
326.     }  
327.   
328.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
329.     {   
330.         frame();   
331.     }  
332.   
333. protected:  
334.   
335.     QTimer _timer;  
336. };  
337.   
338. osg::Group* createBackGroup()  
339. {  
340.     osg::Group *backGroup = new osg::Group;  
341.     osg::Geode* bgGeode = new osg::Geode;  
342.     osg::Geometry *bgGeometry = new osg::Geometry;  
343.   
344.     osg::Vec3Array *verticesArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
345.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-13.3f, -10.0f,  10.0f));  
346.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(13.3f, -10.0f,  10.0f));  
347.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(13.3f,  10.0f,  10.0f));  
348.     verticesArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-13.3f,  10.0f,  10.0f));  
349.     osg::Vec3Array *verticesNormal = new osg::Vec3Array;  
350.     verticesNormal->push_back(osg::Vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));  
351.     osg::Vec2Array *texArray = new osg::Vec2Array;  
352.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
353.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
354.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
355.     texArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
356.   
357.     osg::Texture2D *texture = new osg::Texture2D;  
358.     texture->setImage(osgDB::readImageFile("Data/BG.bmp"));  
359.     texture->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
360.     texture->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
361.   
362.     bgGeometry->setVertexArray(verticesArray);  
363.     bgGeometry->setNormalArray(verticesNormal, osg::Array::BIND_OVERALL);  
364.     bgGeometry->setTexCoordArray(0, texArray);  
365.     bgGeometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 0, 4));  
366.     bgGeometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture);  
367.   
368.     bgGeode->addDrawable(bgGeometry);  
369.   
370.     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
371.     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0, 0, -24));  
372.   
373.     backGroup->addChild(zoomMT);  
374.     zoomMT->addChild(bgGeode);  
375.   
376.     return backGroup;  
377. }  
378.   
379. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
380. {  
381.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
382.   
383.     osg::Light* light = new osg::Light();  
384.     light->setLightNum(0);  
385.     light->setAmbient(osg::Vec4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));  
386.     light->setDiffuse(osg::Vec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));  
387.     light->setPosition(osg::Vec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f));  
388.     osg::LightSource* lightsource = new osg::LightSource();  
389.     lightsource->setLight (light);  
390.     root->addChild (lightsource);   
391.   
392.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
393.     quadMT->setName("zoomMT");  
394.     quadMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0.0, 0.0, -5.0));  
395.   
396.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadXRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
397.     quadXRotMT->setName("xRotMT");  
398.     RotateCallback *xRotCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::X_AXIS, 0.0);  
399.     quadXRotMT->setUpdateCallback(xRotCallback);  
400.   
401.   
402.     osg::MatrixTransform *quadYRotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
403.     quadYRotMT->setName("yRotMT");  
404.     RotateCallback *yRotCallback = new RotateCallback(osg::Y_AXIS, 0.0);  
405.     quadYRotMT->setUpdateCallback(yRotCallback);  
406.   
407.     //  
408.     //新增代码，使用开关节点管理  
409.     g_Switch = new osg::Switch;  
410.   
411.     //添加立方体  
412.     osg::Geode *box = new osg::Geode;  
413.     osg::ShapeDrawable *boxDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable;  
414.     osg::Box *boxShape = new osg::Box(osg::Vec3(0, 0,0), 2);  
415.     boxDrawable->setShape(boxShape);  
416.     box->addDrawable(boxDrawable);  
417.     g_Switch->addChild(box);  
418.   
419.     //添加圆柱体  
420.     osg::Geode *cylinder = new osg::Geode;  
421.     osg::ShapeDrawable *cylinderDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cylinder(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 2.0));  
422.     cylinder->addDrawable(cylinderDrawable);  
423.     g_Switch->addChild(cylinder);  
424.   
425.     //添加圆球  
426.     osg::Geode *sphere = new osg::Geode;  
427.     osg::ShapeDrawable *sphereDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Sphere(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 1.3));  
428.     sphere->addDrawable(sphereDrawable);  
429.     g_Switch->addChild(sphere);  
430.   
431.     //添加圆锥  
432.     osg::Geode *cone = new osg::Geode;  
433.     osg::ShapeDrawable *coneDrawable = new osg::ShapeDrawable(new osg::Cone(osg::Vec3(0,0,0), 0.5, 2));  
434.     cone->addDrawable(coneDrawable);  
435.     g_Switch->addChild(cone);  
436.   
437.     g_Switch->setSingleChildOn(0);  
438.     //  
439.   
440.     osg::Image *textureImage = osgDB::readImageFile("Data/Reflect.bmp");  
441.     osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;  
442.     texture2D->setImage(textureImage);  
443.     texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
444.     texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::NEAREST);  
445.     g_Switch->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);  
446.   
447.     osg::TexGen *texGen = new osg::TexGen;  
448.     texGen->setMode(osg::TexGen::SPHERE_MAP);  
449.     g_Switch->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texGen);  
450.   
451.     quadYRotMT->addChild(g_Switch);  
452.     quadXRotMT->addChild(quadYRotMT);  
453.     quadMT->addChild(quadXRotMT);  
454.   
455.     root->addChild(quadMT);  
456.     root->addChild(createBackGroup());  
457.   
458.     return root;  
459. }  
460.   
461.   
462. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
463. {  
464.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
465.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
466.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
467.     viewWidget->show();  
468.     return app.exec();  
469. }