1114. Print in Order

Suppose we have a class:

public class Foo {
  public void first() { print("first"); }
  public void second() { print("second"); }
  public void third() { print("third"); }
}

The same instance of Foo will be passed to three different threads. Thread A will call first(), thread B will call second(), and thread C will call third(). Design a mechanism and modify the program to ensure that second() is executed after first(), and third() is executed after second().

按顺序打印，多线程的一道题目。
使用 synchronized关键字：

class Foo {
    public Foo() {
    }
    
    private int flag = 0;

    public synchronized void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
        while (flag != 0) {
            this.wait();
        } 
        printFirst.run();
        flag = 1;
        this.notifyAll();
        // printFirst.run() outputs "first". Do not change or remove this line.
        
    }

    public synchronized void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
        
        while (flag != 1) {
            this.wait();
        } 
        printSecond.run();
        flag = 2;
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    public synchronized void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
        
        while (flag != 2) {
            this.wait();
        } 
        printThird.run();
        flag = 0;
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

使用Lock锁：

class Foo {

    public Foo() {
        
    }
    
    private int flag = 0;
    Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    public void first(Runnable printFirst) throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (flag != 0) {
                condition.await();
            }
            printFirst.run();
            flag = 1;
            condition.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void second(Runnable printSecond) throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (flag != 1) {
                condition.await();
            }
            printSecond.run();
            flag = 2;
            condition.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void third(Runnable printThird) throws InterruptedException {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (flag != 2) {
                condition.await();
            }
            printThird.run();
            flag = 0;
            condition.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}