59. Spiral Matrix II

Given a positive integer n, generate a square matrix filled with elements from 1 to n2 in spiral order.

Example:

Input: 3

Output:
[
 [ 1, 2, 3 ],
 [ 8, 9, 4 ],
 [ 7, 6, 5 ]
]

class Solution {
    public int[][] generateMatrix(int n) {
        int[][] matrix = new int[n][n];
        int num = 1;
        int dir = 0;
        int startRow = 0;
        int endRow = n - 1;
        int startCol = 0;
        int endCol = n - 1;
        
        while (startRow <= endRow && startCol <= endCol) {
            switch (dir) {
                case 0:
                    for (int i = startCol; i <= endCol; i++) {
                        matrix[startRow][i] = num;
                        num++;
                    }
                    startRow++;
                    dir = 1;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; i++) {
                        matrix[i][endCol] = num;
                        num++;
                    }
                    endCol--;
                    dir = 2;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    for (int i = endCol; i >= startCol; i--) {
                        matrix[endRow][i] = num;
                        num++;
                    }
                    endRow--;
                    dir = 3;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    for (int i = endRow; i >= startRow; i--) {
                        matrix[i][startCol] = num;
                        num++;
                    }
                    startCol++;
                    dir = 0;
                    break;
            }             
        }
        return matrix;
    }
}