【Java】学籍管理系统的简单实现

于 2018-04-07 21:19:24 发布
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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： 学籍管理系统 记录结构 链表 动态数组
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ALOmiya0/article/details/79845138
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方法、步骤或设计框架：

实验中需要使用记录结构和非记录结构分别实现学籍管理系统。

记录结构：对于记录结构实现方式，就可以考虑使用Java的class来封装每个学生的学籍信息，然后再通过链表链接每一个学生，从而实现对每个学生的记录和学籍信息的获取与修改。

 

非记录结构：对于非记录结构的实现方式，这里我们考虑使用一个Object数组存储一个学生的信息，然后使用动态数组ArrayList存放各个学生，即可使用ArrayList的get、set等方法进行学生信息的增删改查。

 

排序的实现：我们只需重写comparator接口的compare方法，即可使用自带的sort实现排序。

 

数据的导入与导出：这里使用xls文件（excel文件）进行数据的存储。因此我们只需要使用外部的jxl.jar包中的方法即可对excel表格数据进行读入与导出操作。

 

系统功能设计：为了满足学籍管理系统的正常需求，这里我们设计学生学籍的增删改查、成绩排序、学号排序、数据导入与导出、查看全部信息以及退出系统等十项系统功能。

 

数据类型与顺序：对于学生学籍信息，我们策划所有数据顺序和对应类型如下：

学生信息

数组下标

类成员变量

数据类型

姓名

0

name

String

年龄

1

age

Int

性别

2

sex

String

成绩

3

score

Int

年级

4

grade

Int

学号

5

sid

Int

上面表格中列举信息中，学号用于寻找和识别指定学生。


记录结构实现

ManageLinkedList.java

package StudentManage;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Scanner;

import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Alignment;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;
import jxl.write.biff.RowsExceededException;

public class ManageLinkList {
	Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
	LinkedList<Object> ll = new LinkedList<Object>();

	public ManageLinkList() {
		super();
	}

	public void menu() {
		int option;
		while (true) {
			System.out.println("\n***************************************");
			System.out.println("==============学生学籍管理系统==============");
			System.out.println("1.新增学生                2.删除学生");
			System.out.println("3.修改学生                4.查找学生");
			System.out.println("5.学号排序                6.成绩排序");
			System.out.println("7.导入数据                8.导出数据");
			System.out.println("9.查看全部             10.退出系统");
			System.out.println("输入1-10进行操作：");
			option = scanner.nextInt();
			switch (option) {
			case 1:
				stuAdd();
				break;
			case 2:
				stuDelete();
				break;
			case 3:
				stuUpdate();
				break;
			case 4:
				stuRetrieve();
				break;
			case 5:
				stuSortwithSid();
				break;
			case 6:
				stuSortwithScore();
				break;
			case 7:
				ExcelInput();
				break;
			case 8:
				ExcelOutput();
				break;
			case 9:
				stuShowAll();
				break;
			case 10:
				stuExit();
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	public void stuExit() {
		System.out.println("确认退出系统？(y/n)");
		if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
			System.out.println("退出系统成功！");
			scanner.close();
			System.exit(-1);
		}
	}

	public void stuAdd() {
		String name, sex;
		int score, age, sid, grade;
		System.out.println("操作：新增学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学生信息：");
		System.out.println("姓名：");
		name = scanner.next();
		System.out.println("年龄：");
		age = scanner.nextInt();
		System.out.println("性别：");
		sex = scanner.next();
		System.out.println("成绩：");
		score = scanner.nextInt();
		System.out.println("年级：");
		grade = scanner.nextInt();
		System.out.println("学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();
		Student student = new Student(name, sex, grade, sid, score, age);
		ll.add(student);
		System.out.println("学生信息新增成功！");
	}

	public void stuDelete() {
		int sid;
		boolean ismatched = false;
		System.out.println("操作：删除学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();
		int i = 0;
		// 匹配学生学号
		while (i < ll.size()) {
			Student student = (Student) ll.get(i);
			if (student.getsid() == sid) {
				ismatched = true;
				// 打印学生名字，再次确认学生信息
				System.out.println("确认删除" + student.getname() + "学籍？(y/n)");
				if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
					ll.remove(student);
					System.out.println("学生信息删除成功！");
				} else {
					System.out.println("删除操作已取消！");
				}
				break;
			}
			i++;
		}
		if (ismatched == false) {
			System.out.println("该学号不存在！请确认输入是否无误！");
		}
	}

	public void stuUpdate() {
		String sex;
		int score, age, sid, grade;
		String massage;
		boolean ismatched = false;
		System.out.println("操作：修改学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();

		int i = 0;
		// 匹配学生学号
		while (i < ll.size()) {
			Student student = (Student) ll.get(i);
			// 匹配学生学号
			if (student.getsid() == sid) {
				ismatched = true;
				System.out.println("确认修改" + student.getname() + "学籍？(y/n)");
				if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
					System.out.println("请输入学生信息：");
					System.out.println("年龄：");
					age = scanner.nextInt();
					student.setage(age);
					System.out.println("性别：");
					sex = scanner.next();
					student.setsex(sex);
					System.out.println("成绩：");
					score = scanner.nextInt();
					student.setscore(score);
					System.out.println("年级：");
					grade = scanner.nextInt();
					student.setgrade(grade);
					// 打印修改后的学生学籍信息
					massage = student.getmassage();
					System.out.println("学生信息修改成功！");
					System.out.println(massage);
				} else {
					System.out.println("修改操作已取消！");
				}
				break;
			}
			i++;
		}
		if (ismatched == false) {
			System.out.println("学号不存在！请确认输入是否无误！");
		}
	}

	public void stuRetrieve() {
		int sid;
		String massage;
		boolean ismatched = false;
		System.out.println("操作：查找学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();

		int i = 0;
		// 匹配学生学号
		while (i < ll.size()) {
			Student student = (Student) ll.get(i);
			// 匹配学生学号
			if (student.getsid() == sid) {
				ismatched = true;
				System.out.println("确认查询" + student.getname() + "学籍？(y/n)");
				if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
					// 打印修改后的学生学籍信息
					massage = student.getmassage();
					System.out.println("学生信息查询结果如下：");
					System.out.println(massage);
				} else {
					System.out.println("查询操作已取消！");
				}
				break;
			}
			i++;
		}
		if (ismatched == false) {
			System.out.println("学号不存在！请确认输入是否无误！");
		}
	}

	public void stuShowAll() {
		System.out.println("操作：查看全部");
		String massage;
		int i = 0;
		// 匹配学生学号
		System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
		while (i < ll.size()) {
			Student student = (Student) ll.get(i);
			massage = student.getmassage();
			System.out.println(massage);
			i++;
		}
	}

	Comparator<Object> SidComparator = new Comparator<Object>() {
		public int compare(Object op1, Object op2) {
			Student lstu = (Student) op1;
			Student rstu = (Student) op2;
			// 按姓名排序
			if (lstu.getsid() > rstu.getsid())
				return 1;
			else if (lstu.getsid() < rstu.getsid())
				return -1;
			else {
				return 0;
			}
		}
	};
	Comparator<Object> ScoreComparator = new Comparator<Object>() {
		public int compare(Object op1, Object op2) {
			Student lstu = (Student) op1;
			Student rstu = (Student) op2;
			// 按姓名排序
			if (lstu.getscore() < rstu.getscore())
				return 1;
			else if (lstu.getscore() > rstu.getscore())
				return -1;
			else {
				return 0;
			}
		}
	};

	public void stuSortwithSid() {
		String massage;
		System.out.println("操作：学号排序");
		long startTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取开始时间
		Collections.sort(ll, SidComparator);
		long endTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取结束时间
		System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
		int i = 0;
		// 匹配学生学号
		while (i < ll.size()) {
			Student student = (Student) ll.get(i);
			massage = student.getmassage();
			System.out.println(massage);
			i++;
		}
		System.out.println("\n记录结构学号排序花费时间： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ns");
	}

	public void stuSortwithScore() {
		String massage;
		System.out.println("操作：成绩排序");
		long startTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取开始时间
		Collections.sort(ll, ScoreComparator);
		long endTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取结束时间
		System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
		int i = 0;
		while (i < ll.size()) {
			Student student = (Student) ll.get(i);
			massage = student.getmassage();
			System.out.println(massage);
			i++;
		}
		System.out.println("\n记录结构成绩排序花费时间： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ns");
	}

	public void ExcelInput() {
		String excelpath;
		String name, sex;
		int score, age, sid, grade;
		System.out.println("操作：导入数据");
		System.out.println("请输入导入Excel文件路径：");

		excelpath = scanner.next();
		File file = new File(excelpath);
		try {
			// 创建输入流，读取Excel
			InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());
			// jxl提供的Workbook类
			Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);
			// Excel的页签数量
			int sheet_size = wb.getNumberOfSheets();
			for (int index = 0; index < sheet_size; index++) {
				// 每个页签创建一个Sheet对象
				Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(index);
				// sheet.getRows()返回该页的总行数
				for (int i = 1; i < sheet.getRows(); i++) {
					name = sheet.getCell(0, i).getContents();
					age = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(1, i).getContents());
					sex = sheet.getCell(2, i).getContents();
					score = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(3, i).getContents());
					grade = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(4, i).getContents());
					sid = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(5, i).getContents());
					Student student = new Student(name, sex, grade, sid, score, age);
					ll.add(student);
				}
				System.out.println("学生信息导入成功！");
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：未能找到文件！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (BiffException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：不支持xlsx文件！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：学生数据格式错误！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：IO流异常！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public void ExcelOutput() {
		String excelpath;
		System.out.println("操作：导出数据");
		System.out.println("请输入导出Excel文件路径：");
		excelpath = scanner.next();
		try {
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(excelpath);
			WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(fos);
			// 创建工作表
			WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("学生学籍表", 10);
			// 设置单元格的文字格式
			WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL, 12, WritableFont.NO_BOLD, false,
					UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, Colour.BLACK);
			WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(wf);
			wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);

			wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.LEFT);
			ws.setColumnView(4, 10);
			ws.setColumnView(5, 16);
			ws.setColumnView(0, 14);

			ws.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "姓名", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(1, 0, "年龄", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(2, 0, "性别", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(3, 0, "成绩", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(4, 0, "年级", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(5, 0, "学号", wcf));

			// 填充数据的内容
			// 匹配学生学号
			System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
			int cnt = 1;
			while (cnt <= ll.size()) {
				Student student = (Student) ll.get(cnt - 1);
				ws.addCell(new Label(0, cnt, student.getname(), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(1, cnt, String.valueOf(student.getage()), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(2, cnt, student.getsex(), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(3, cnt, String.valueOf(student.getscore()), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(4, cnt, String.valueOf(student.getgrade()), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(5, cnt, String.valueOf(student.getsid()), wcf));
				cnt++;
				if (cnt == 0)
					wcf = new WritableCellFormat();
			}
			wwb.write();
			wwb.close();
			System.out.println("学生信息导出成功！");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (RowsExceededException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (WriteException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ManageLinkList mll = new ManageLinkList();
		mll.menu();
		//ManageArrayList mal = new ManageArrayList();
		//mal.menu();
	}
}

Student.java

package StudentManage;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private int grade;
	private int sid;
	private int score;
	private int age;

	public Student() {
		super();
	}

	public Student(String name, String sex, int grade, int sid, int score, int age) {
		this.name = name;
		this.sex = sex;
		this.grade = grade;
		this.sid = sid;
		this.score = score;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getname() {
		return name;
	}

	public String getsex() {
		return sex;
	}

	public int getgrade() {
		return grade;
	}

	public int getsid() {
		return sid;
	}

	public int getscore() {
		return score;
	}

	public int getage() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setname(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setsex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}

	public void setgrade(int grade) {
		this.grade = grade;
	}

	public void setsid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}

	public void setscore(int score) {
		this.score = score;
	}

	public void setage(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getmassage() {
		return "姓名：" + name + "  年龄：" + age + " 性别：" + sex + "  成绩：" + score + " 年级：" + grade + "  学号：" + sid;
	}
}

非记录结构

package StudentManage;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Scanner;

import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Alignment;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;
import jxl.write.biff.RowsExceededException;

public class ManageArrayList {
	ArrayList<Object> al = new ArrayList<Object>();
	Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

	public ManageArrayList() {
		super();
	}

	public void menu() {
		int option;
		while (true) {
			System.out.println("\n***************************************");
			System.out.println("==============学生学籍管理系统==============");
			System.out.println("1.新增学生                2.删除学生");
			System.out.println("3.修改学生                4.查找学生");
			System.out.println("5.学号排序                6.成绩排序");
			System.out.println("7.导入数据                8.导出数据");
			System.out.println("9.查看全部             10.退出系统");
			System.out.println("输入1-10进行操作：");
			option = scanner.nextInt();
			switch (option) {
			case 1:
				stuArrayAdd();
				break;
			case 2:
				stuArrayDelete();
				break;
			case 3:
				stuArrayUpdate();
				break;
			case 4:
				stuArrayRetrieve();
				break;
			case 5:
				stuArraySortwithSid();
				break;
			case 6:
				stuArraySortwithScore();
				break;
			case 7:
				ArrayExcelInput();
				break;
			case 8:
				ArrayExcelOutput();
				break;
			case 9:
				stuArrayShowAll();
				break;
			case 10:
				stuArrayExit();
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	public void stuArrayExit() {
		System.out.println("确认退出系统？(y/n)");
		if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
			System.out.println("退出系统成功！");
			scanner.close();
			System.exit(-1);
		}
	}

	public void stuArrayAdd() {
		String name, sex;
		int score, age, sid, grade;
		System.out.println("操作：新增学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学生信息：");
		System.out.println("姓名：");
		name = scanner.next();
		System.out.println("年龄：");
		age = scanner.nextInt();
		System.out.println("性别：");
		sex = scanner.next();
		System.out.println("成绩：");
		score = scanner.nextInt();
		System.out.println("年级：");
		grade = scanner.nextInt();
		System.out.println("学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();
		Object[] student = new Object[6];
		student[0] = name;
		student[1] = age;
		student[2] = sex;
		student[3] = score;
		student[4] = grade;
		student[5] = sid;
		al.add(student);
		System.out.println("学生信息新增成功！");
	}

	public void stuArrayDelete() {
		int sid;
		boolean ismatched = false;
		System.out.println("操作：删除学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();
		// 匹配学生学号
		for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
			Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i);
			if ((Long) student[5] == sid) {
				ismatched = true;
				// 打印学生名字，再次确认学生信息
				System.out.println("确认删除" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "学籍？(y/n)");
				if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
					al.remove(i);
					System.out.println("学生信息删除成功！");
				} else {
					System.out.println("删除操作已取消！");
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		if (ismatched == false) {
			System.out.println("该学号不存在！请确认输入是否无误！");
		}
	}

	public void stuArrayUpdate() {
		String sex;
		int score, age, sid, grade;
		String massage;
		boolean ismatched = false;
		System.out.println("操作：修改学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();
		// 匹配学生学号
		for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
			Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i);
			if ((int) student[5] == sid) {
				ismatched = true;
				System.out.println("确认修改" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "学籍？(y/n)");
				if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
					System.out.println("请输入学生信息：");
					System.out.println("年龄：");
					age = scanner.nextInt();
					student[1] = age;
					System.out.println("性别：");
					sex = scanner.next();
					student[2] = sex;
					System.out.println("成绩：");
					score = scanner.nextInt();
					student[3] = score;
					System.out.println("年级：");
					grade = scanner.nextInt();
					student[4] = grade;
					// 打印修改后的学生学籍信息
					massage = "姓名：" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "  年龄：" + String.valueOf(student[1]) + " 性别："
							+ String.valueOf(student[2]) + "  成绩：" + String.valueOf(student[3]) + " 年级："
							+ String.valueOf(student[4]) + "  学号：" + String.valueOf(student[5]);
					al.set(i, student);
					System.out.println("学生信息修改成功！");
					System.out.println(massage);
				} else {
					System.out.println("删除操作已取消！");
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		if (ismatched == false) {
			System.out.println("学号不存在！请确认输入是否无误！");
		}
	}

	public void stuArrayRetrieve() {
		int sid;
		String massage;
		boolean ismatched = false;
		System.out.println("操作：查找学生");
		System.out.println("请输入学号：");
		sid = scanner.nextInt();
		for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
			Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i);
			if ((int) student[5] == sid) {
				ismatched = true;
				System.out.println("确认查询" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "学籍？(y/n)");
				if (scanner.next().equals("y")) {
					// 打印修改后的学生学籍信息
					massage = "姓名：" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "  年龄：" + String.valueOf(student[1]) + " 性别："
							+ String.valueOf(student[2]) + "  成绩：" + String.valueOf(student[3]) + " 年级："
							+ String.valueOf(student[4]) + "  学号：" + String.valueOf(student[5]);
					System.out.println("学生信息查询成功！");
					System.out.println(massage);
				} else {
					System.out.println("查询操作已取消！");
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		if (ismatched == false) {
			System.out.println("学号不存在！请确认输入是否无误！");
		}
	}

	public void stuArrayShowAll() {
		System.out.println("操作：查看全部");
		String massage;
		System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
		for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
			Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i);
			massage = "姓名：" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "  年龄：" + String.valueOf(student[1]) + " 性别："
					+ String.valueOf(student[2]) + "  成绩：" + String.valueOf(student[3]) + " 年级："
					+ String.valueOf(student[4]) + "  学号：" + String.valueOf(student[5]);
			System.out.println(massage);
		}
	}

	Comparator<Object> SidComparator = new Comparator<Object>() {
		public int compare(Object op1, Object op2) {
			Object[] st1 = (Object[]) op1;
			Object[] st2 = (Object[]) op2;
			// 按姓名排序
			if ((int) st1[5] < (int) st2[5])
				return -1;
			else if ((int) st1[5] > (int) st2[5])
				return 1;
			else
				return 0;
		}
	};

	Comparator<Object> ScoreComparator = new Comparator<Object>() {
		public int compare(Object op1, Object op2) {
			Object[] st1 = (Object[]) op1;
			Object[] st2 = (Object[]) op2;
			if ((int) st1[3] < (int) st2[3])
				return 1;
			else if ((int) st1[3] > (int) st2[3])
				return -1;
			else
				return 0;
		}
	};

	public void stuArraySortwithSid() {
		System.out.println("操作：学号排序");
		long startTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取开始时间
		Collections.sort(al, SidComparator);
		long endTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取结束时间
		String massage;
		System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
		for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
			Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i);
			massage = "姓名：" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "  年龄：" + String.valueOf(student[1]) + " 性别："
					+ String.valueOf(student[2]) + "  成绩：" + String.valueOf(student[3]) + " 年级："
					+ String.valueOf(student[4]) + "  学号：" + String.valueOf(student[5]);
			System.out.println(massage);
		}
		System.out.println("\n非记录结构学号排序花费时间： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ns");
	}

	public void stuArraySortwithScore() {
		System.out.println("操作： 成绩排序");
		long startTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取开始时间
		Collections.sort(al, ScoreComparator);
		long endTime = System.nanoTime(); // 获取结束时间
		String massage;
		System.out.println("所有学生学籍信息如下：");
		for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
			Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i);
			massage = "姓名：" + String.valueOf(student[0]) + "  年龄：" + String.valueOf(student[1]) + " 性别："
					+ String.valueOf(student[2]) + "  成绩：" + String.valueOf(student[3]) + " 年级："
					+ String.valueOf(student[4]) + "  学号：" + String.valueOf(student[5]);
			System.out.println(massage);
		}
		System.out.println("\n非记录结构成绩排序花费时间： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ns");
	}

	public void ArrayExcelInput() {
		String excelpath;
		String name, sex;
		int score, age, sid, grade;
		System.out.println("操作：导入数据");
		System.out.println("请输入导入Excel文件路径：");
		excelpath = scanner.next();
		File file = new File(excelpath);
		try {
			// 创建输入流，读取Excel
			InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());
			// jxl提供的Workbook类
			Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);
			// Excel的页签数量
			int sheet_size = wb.getNumberOfSheets();
			for (int index = 0; index < sheet_size; index++) {
				// 每个页签创建一个Sheet对象
				Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(index);
				// sheet.getRows()返回该页的总行数
				for (int i = 1; i < sheet.getRows(); i++) {
					name = sheet.getCell(0, i).getContents();
					age = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(1, i).getContents());
					sex = sheet.getCell(2, i).getContents();
					score = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(3, i).getContents());
					grade = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(4, i).getContents());
					sid = Integer.parseInt(sheet.getCell(5, i).getContents());
					Object[] student = new Object[6];
					student[0] = name;
					student[1] = age;
					student[2] = sex;
					student[3] = score;
					student[4] = grade;
					student[5] = sid;
					al.add(student);
				}
				System.out.println("学生信息导入成功！");
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：未能找到文件！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (BiffException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：不支持xlsx文件！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：学生数据格式错误！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			System.err.println("出现错误：IO流异常！学生信息导入失败！");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public void ArrayExcelOutput() {
		String excelpath;
		System.out.println("操作：导出数据");
		System.out.println("请输入导出Excel文件路径：");
		excelpath = scanner.next();
		try {
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(excelpath);
			WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(fos);
			// 创建工作表
			WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("学生学籍表", 10);
			// 设置单元格的文字格式
			WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL, 12, WritableFont.NO_BOLD, false,
					UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, Colour.BLACK);
			WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(wf);
			wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);
			wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.LEFT);
			ws.setColumnView(4, 10);
			ws.setColumnView(5, 16);
			ws.setColumnView(0, 14);

			ws.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "姓名", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(1, 0, "年龄", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(2, 0, "性别", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(3, 0, "成绩", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(4, 0, "年级", wcf));
			ws.addCell(new Label(5, 0, "学号", wcf));
			for (int i = 1; i <= al.size(); i++) {
				Object[] student = (Object[]) al.get(i - 1);
				ws.addCell(new Label(0, i, String.valueOf(student[0]), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(1, i, String.valueOf(student[1]), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(2, i, String.valueOf(student[2]), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(3, i, String.valueOf(student[3]), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(4, i, String.valueOf(student[4]), wcf));
				ws.addCell(new Label(5, i, String.valueOf(student[5]), wcf));
			}
			if (al.size() == 0)
				wcf = new WritableCellFormat();
			wwb.write();
			wwb.close();
			System.out.println("学生信息导出成功！");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (RowsExceededException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (WriteException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

简要对比分析

可以发现非记录结构进行排序操作时使用时间更短，效率更高。这主要是因为记录结构如链式记录结构在访问结点成员时，花费时间是要比非记录结构要久的多的，效率也很低。不过这种记录结构如果进行的是增删操作，效率就反而会比数组实现的非记录结构要高。这就是在进行结构设计时根据不同需求所进行选择导致的效率差异。在可读性和可写性上，记录结构是要比不用记录结构的实现要好很多。


BearGeorge
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