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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-17 10:44:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-17 10:44:28 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 全家桶文章标签： tomcat http java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/AO_TAO/article/details/116693492

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(3) 修改阿里云镜像在..conf\settings.xml

5.ServletContext (上下文)

6.HttpServletResponse

2.检查本机的 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts配置文件下有没有这个域名映射;

1、Tomcat

1.安装tomcat

下载安装包https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.45/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.45-windows-x64.zip

2.tomcat启动和配置

(1) 启动

a.可能遇到的问题：

环境变量没有配置

3.发布一个web网站

将自己写的网站，放到服务器（Tomcat）中指定的web应用的文件夹（webapp）下，就可以访问了

网站应该有的结构

--webapps : Tomcat服务器的web目录

--ROOT

--aotao : 网站的目录名

- WEB-INF

-classes : java程序

-lib : web应用所依赖的jar包

-web.xml : 网站的配置文件

- index.html : 默认的首页

- static

- css

- js

- img

2、Maven

(1) 下载：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.8.1/binaries/apache-maven-3.8.1-bin.zip

(2) 配置环境变量：

在系统环境中配置

M2_HOME maven目录下的bin目录

MAVEN_HOME maven的目录

在系统的path中配置 %MAVEN_HOME%\bin

(3) 修改阿里云镜像在..conf\settings.xml

<mirror>
           <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
           <mirrorOf>*,!jeecg,!jeecg-snapshots</mirrorOf>
           <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
           <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url> 
       </mirror>

(4) 本地仓库

a.创建本地仓库 localRepository

<localRepository>D:\env\maven\apache-maven-3.8.1\maven-repo</localRepository>

b.idea自带Maven

d.在idea中配置tomcat

3、Serverlet

1.Servlet简介

默认有两个实现类：HttpServlet,GenericServlet

(1) Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术

(2) Sun在这些API中提供一个接口叫做：Servlet，如果想开发一个Servlet程序，只需完成两个小步骤：

a.编写一个类，实现Servlet接口

b.把开发号的java类部署到web服务器中

c.把实现了Serverlet接口的Java程序叫做，Servlet

2.Hello Servlet

(1) 构建一个普通maven项目，删掉里面的src目录，以后我们学习就在这个项目里面家里Model；这个空工程就是Maven主工程

(2) Maven环境优化

a.修改web.xml为最新的

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">


</web-app>

b.将maven的结构搭建完整

(3) 编写一个Servlet程序

依赖：

<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

a.编写一个普通类

b.实现Servlet接口

c.直接继承HttpServlet

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    //由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式，可以互相调用，业务逻辑都一样

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); //响应流
        writer.print("hello servlet");
        
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

d.编写Servlet的映射

我们写的是JAVA程序，但是要通过浏览器访问，而浏览器需要连接web服务器，所以我们需要再web服务器中注册我们写的Servlet，还需要给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径；

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  
  <!--注册Servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <!--Servlet的请求路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

e.启动测试

3.Servlet原理

4.Mapping问题

5.ServletContext (上下文)

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用。

(1) 共享数据

在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个servlet中拿到；

a.创建HelloServlet类

package com.aotao.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String name = "aotao"; //数据
        context.setAttribute("username",name); //将一个数据保存在ServletContext中，名字为：username。值name


        System.out.println("hello");
    }
}

b.创建读取HelloServlet类的GetServlet类

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();

        String username = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("名字："+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

c.配置xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

d.运行测试

名字为null

当进入hello页面之后

名字已被更改

(2) 获取初始化参数

a.创建初始化类ServletDemo03

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        String url = servletContext.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

b.配置web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>测试初始化参数</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

c.测试

(3) 请求转发

a.创建请求转发类ServletDemo04

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了ServletDemot04");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = servletContext.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); //需要转发的地址
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); //调用forward实现请求转发
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

b.配置web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>测试初始化参数</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>gp</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/gp</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

c.测试

(4) 读取资源文件

<build>
<!--在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>

            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

Properties

在java目录下新建properties

在resources目录下新建db.properties 在配置文件里放入：

username=root
password=12345

发现都被打包到了同一个路径下：

a.新建ServletDemo05

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        System.out.println("进入了ServletDemot04");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        InputStream resourceAsStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(resourceAsStream);
        String username = properties.getProperty("username");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        resp.getWriter().print(username+":"+password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

b.web.xml设置路径

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

c.测试结果

6.HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代理请求的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse。

如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

(1) 简单分类

a.负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputstream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

b.负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

    void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

    void setContentLength(int var1);

    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

    void setContentType(String var1);

    void setBufferSize(int var1);

    int getBufferSize();

    void flushBuffer() throws IOException;

    void resetBuffer();

    boolean isCommitted();

    void reset();

    void setLocale(Locale var1);

    Locale getLocale();

c.响应状态码

    int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

(2) 常见应用

a.向浏览器输出消息

b.下载文件

1.要获取下载文件的路径

2.下载的文件是啥？

3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西

4.获取下载文件的输入流

5.创建缓冲区

6.获取OutputStream对象

7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区

8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端

c.创建FileServlet类

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1.要获取下载文件的路径
        //String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/功能分析图片.png");
        String realPath = 这里改为图片的绝对地址;
        System.out.println("下载文件的路径"+realPath);
        //2.下载的文件是啥？
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
        //3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
        resp.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
        //4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

        //6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
        //7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
        while ((len=in.read(buffer)) != -1){
            out.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        in.close();
        out.close();
        //8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

d.添加web.xml路径

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.FileServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>filedown</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/down</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

e.测试结果

(2) 验证码功能

验证怎么来的？

前端实现

后端实现，需要java的图片类生产一个图片编写ImageServlet类，然后再web.xml注册类

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //如何让浏览器5秒自动刷新一次；
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3"); //js 里面的refresh刷新

        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics(); //笔2D
        //设置图片的背景颜色
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数据
        graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        graphics.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        graphics.drawString(makNum(),0,20);

        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        //网站纯在缓冲不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("pragma","no-cache");

        //把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    //生产随机数
    private String makNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7- num.length();i++){
            stringBuffer.append("0");
        }
        String s = stringBuffer.toString()+num;
        return s;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

(3) 实现重定向

B一个web资源收到客户端A请求后，B他会通知A客户端去访问另外一个web资源C，这个过程交重定向。

void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;

(4) 实现登陆测试重定向

a.再webapp添加index.jsp和success.jsp

需要提前导入jsp的包

index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>

<%--这里提交的路径需要寻找到项目路径--%>
<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath} ：代表当前项目--%>
<%--pageEncoding="UTF-8"--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username">
    密码：<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>success!</h2>
</body>
</html>

添加测试类RequestTest

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理请求
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username + ":" + password);

        resp.sendRedirect("/aotao/success.jsp");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

再web.xml注入类和路径

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.aotao.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>request</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

7.HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求，用户通过Http协议访问服务器，HTTP请求中的所有信息会封装到HttpServletRequest，通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法，获得客户端的所有信息

(1) 获取前端传递的参数

创建index.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: LGS
  Date: 2021/5/21
  Time: 10:48
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登陆</title>
</head>
<body>
<div style="text-align: center">
    <%--以post提交请求--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
        用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
        爱好：
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="女孩">女孩
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="代码">代码
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="唱歌">唱歌
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="电影">电影
        <br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

创建LoginServlet类

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        System.out.println("==================================================");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
        System.out.println("==================================================");


        //通过请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
    }
}

7、Cookie、Session

1.会话

会话：用户打开一个浏览器，点击了很多超链接，访问多个web资源，关闭浏览器，这个过程称为会话

有状态会话：

一个网站怎么证明你来过？

客户端服务端

1.服务端给客户端一个信件，客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了，这个信件就是cookie。

2.服务端等级你来过了，下次你来的时候我来匹配你，这就是session。

2.保存会话的两种技术

cookie

客户端技术（响应，请求）

session

服务器技术，利用这个技术，可以保存用户的会话信息？

(1) 从请求中拿到cookie信息

(2) 服务器响应给客户端cookie

Cookie cookies = req.getCookies(); //获得cookie

cookie.getName(); //获得cookie中的key

cookie.getValue(); 获得cookie中的value

new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+""); //新建一个cookie

cookie.setMaxage(24*60*60); //设置cookie的有效期

resp.addCookie(cookie); //响应给客户端一个cookie

cookie:一般会保存在本地的用户目录下appdata;

删除Cookie:

不设置有效期，关闭浏览器，自动失效；

设置有效时间为0

4.Session （重点）

(1) 什么是Session：

服务器会给每一个用户（浏览器）创建一个Session对象
一个Session独占一个浏览器，只要浏览器没有关闭，这个Session就存在；
用户登陆之后，整个网站它都可以访问 --->保存用户的信息；保存购物车的信息……

(2) Session和cookie的区别：

Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器，浏览器保存
Session是把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中，服务器端缓存（保存重要的信息，减少服务器资源浪费）
Session对象有服务器创建；

(3) 使用场景：

保存一个登陆用户的信息。
购物车信息。
整个网站中经常会使用的数据，我们将它保存在Session中。

(4) 使用Session

import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();

        //给Session中存东西
        session.setAttribute("name","aotao");

        //获取Session的ID
        String sessionID = session.getId();

        //判断Session是不是新创建
        if (session.isNew()){
            resp.getWriter().write("Session创建成功,ID为："+sessionID);
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("session已经存在,ID为："+sessionID);
        }



    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

(5) 得到Session

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码问题
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();

        Object name = session.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println(name);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

(6) 会话手动过期

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("name");
        //手动注销session
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

(7) 会话自动过期

  <!--设置Session默认失效时间-->
  <session-config>
    <!--以分钟为单位-->
    <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
  </session-config>

一个网站cookie是否存在上限！

tips:请你谈谈网站是如何访问的

1.输入一个域名，回车

2.检查本机的 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts配置文件下有没有这个域名映射;

(1) 有：直接返回对应的ip地址，这个地址中，有我们需要访问的web程序，可以直接访问

(2) 没有：去DNS服务器找,找到就返回，找不到就返回找不到

AO_TAO

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JavaWeb学习

1、Tomcat1.安装tomcat下载安装包https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.45/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.45-windows-x64.zip2.tomcat启动和配置(1) 启动a.可能遇到的问题：环境变量没有配置3、发布一个web网站将自己写的网站，放到服务器（Tomcat）中指定的web应用的文件夹（webapp）下，就可以访问了网站.
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