Argtable学习（1）

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最新推荐文章于 2025-03-28 19:20:14 发布

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分类专栏： C lib 文章标签： argtable3

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Argtable是一款开源的ANSI C库，用于解析GNU样式的命令行选项。它提供声明式API，简化命令行分析，自动生成错误处理和帮助信息。此库适用于跨平台，具有良好的源代码可读性，且无外部依赖。了解如何使用argtable3，可以从教程和示例程序开始。

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什么是Argtable

Argtable是一款开源的ANSI C library，用来解析GNU样式的命令行选项。它通过定义可用于指定命令行语法的声明式API，从而简化了命令行的分析。argtable将自动生成一致的错误处理逻辑和命令行语法的文本描述，这对于一个健壮的cli程序来说，是非常必要的，但是很繁琐。例如要创建一个如下所示的cli程序：

$> util.exe --help
Usage: util.exe [-v] [--help] [--version] [--level=<n>] [-o myfile] <file> [<file>]...
Demonstrate command-line parsing in argtable3.

  --help                    display this help and exit
  --version                 display version information and exit
  --level=<n>               foo value
  -v, --verbose             verbose output
  -o myfile                 output file
  <file>                    input files

你可以使用以下代码段中的argtable实现命令行的分析逻辑：

#include "argtable3.h"

/* global arg_xxx structs */
struct arg_lit *verb, *help, *version;
struct arg_int *level;
struct arg_file *o, *file;
struct arg_end *end;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    /* the global arg_xxx structs are initialised within the argtable */
    void *argtable[] = {
        help    = arg_litn(NULL, "help", 0, 1, "display this help and exit"),
        version = arg_litn(NULL, "version", 0, 1, "display version info and exit"),
        level   = arg_intn(NULL, "level", "<n>", 0, 1, "foo value"),
        verb    = arg_litn("v", "verbose", 0, 1, "verbose output"),
        o       = arg_filen("o", NULL, "myfile", 0, 1, "output file"),
        file    = arg_filen(NULL, NULL, "<file>", 1, 100, "input files"),
        end     = arg_end(20),
    };
    
    int exitcode = 0;
    char progname[] = "util.exe";
    
    int nerrors;
    nerrors = arg_parse(argc,argv,argtable);

    /* special case: '--help' takes precedence over error reporting */
    if (help->count > 0)
    {
        printf("Usage: %s", progname);
        arg_print_syntax(stdout, argtable, "\n");
        printf("Demonstrate command-line parsing in argtable3.\n\n");
        arg_print_glossary(stdout, argtable, "  %-25s %s\n");
        exitcode = 0;
        goto exit;
    }

    /* If the parser returned any errors then display them and exit */
    if (nerrors > 0)
    {
        /* Display the error details contained in the arg_end struct.*/
        arg_print_errors(stdout, end, progname);
        printf("Try '%s --help' for more information.\n", progname);
        exitcode = 1;
        goto exit;
    }

exit:
    /* deallocate each non-null entry in argtable[] */
    arg_freetable(argtable, sizeof(argtable) / sizeof(argtable[0]));
    return exitcode;
}