python学习之路---用户输入和while循环

---

一、函数input（）的工作原理

函数input（）让程序暂停运行，等待用户输入一些文本。获取用户输入后，python将其赋给一个变量。

# input函数使用
message = input("tell me something,and i will repeat it back to you\n")
print(message)

name = input("please enter your name:\n")
print(f"hello {name}")

使用int（）获取数值输入

# 使用int()来获取数值输入
age = input("how old are you?")
print(f"I'm {age} years old")
# 这里的年龄类型是字符型

# 如果要与数字进行计算需要int（）来转换
print(int(age)+3)

求模运算

number = input("enter a number,and I'll tell you if it's even odd:\n")
number = int(number)

if number % 2 ==0:
    print(f"\nthe number {number} is even")
else:
    print(f"\nthe number {number} is odd")

二、while循环简介

for循环是针对集合中的每个元素都执行一个代码块，while循环则不断运行，知道指定的条件不满足为止。

使用while循环

current_number = 1
while current_number<=5:
    print(current_number)
    current_number+=1

让用户选择何时退出

prompt = "\ntell me something,and i will repeat it back to you:"
prompt+="\nenter 'quit' to end the program.\n"
message = ""
while message!='quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    print(message)

break和continue

# break语句
prompt = "\nplease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt+="\nenter 'quit' when you are finished.\n"
while True:
    city = input(prompt)
    if city == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(f"I'd love to go to {city.title()}!")

# continue语句，输出奇数
current_number = 0
while current_number<10:
    current_number +=1
    if current_number%2==0:
        continue
    print(current_number)

三使用while循环处理列表和字典

列表之间移动数据

unconfirmed_users = ['alice','brain','candace']
confirmed_users = []

while unconfirmed_users:
    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
    print(f"verifying user:{current_user.title()}")

    confirmed_users.append(current_user)
print("\nthe following users have  been confirmed")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
    print(confirmed_user.title())

删除特定值

pets = ['dog','cat','dog','goldfish','cat','rabbit','cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
    pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)

使用用户输入来填充字典

responses = {}
polling_active = True
while polling_active:
    name = input("\nwhat is your name")
    response = input("which mountain would you like to climb someday")
    responses[name] = response

    repeat = input("would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no)")
    if repeat == 'no':
        polling_active = False
print("\n---Poll Results---")
for name,response in responses.items():
    print(f"{name} would like to climb {response}")

---

总结

提示：这里对文章进行总结：
例如：以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文仅仅简单介绍了pandas的使用，而pandas提供了大量能使我们快速便捷地处理数据的函数和方法。