设计小案例:一个简单的基于Java的聊天室服务器和客户端。这个案例将综合运用Socket编程、NIO和多线程技术。我们将构建一个可以支持多个客户端同时在线并交换消息的聊天室。
项目概述
服务器:使用ServerSocketChannel和Selector处理来自多个客户端的连接请求和消息,以非阻塞方式读写数据。服务器将接收到的消息广播给所有在线的客户端。
客户端:使用SocketChannel与服务器建立连接,并在独立的线程中监听来自服务器的消息。客户端可以发送消息到服务器,服务器再将消息广播给所有客户端。
服务器端实现
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.*;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
public class ChatServer {
private Selector selector;
private final ConcurrentHashMap<SocketChannel, String> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public ChatServer(int port) throws IOException {
selector = Selector.open();
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println("Chat Server started on port " + port);
}
public void start() throws IOException {
while (true) {
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selectedKeys.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
if (key.isAcceptable()) {
registerClient(key);
}
if (key.isReadable()) {
broadcastMessage(key);
}
iter.remove();
}
}
}
private void registerClient(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
SocketChannel client = serverChannel.accept();
client.configureBlocking(false);
client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
clients.put(client, "");
System.out.println("New client connected: " + client.getRemoteAddress());
}
private void broadcastMessage(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
SocketChannel sender = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int bytesRead = sender.read(buffer);
if (bytesRead <= 0) {
sender.close();
clients.remove(sender);
System.out.println("Client disconnected: " + sender.getRemoteAddress());
return;
}
buffer.flip();
String message = new String(buffer.array(), 0, bytesRead);
for (SocketChannel client : clients.keySet()) {
if (client != sender) {
buffer.rewind();
client.write(buffer);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ChatServer server = new ChatServer(5555); // 指定监听的端口为5555
server.start();
}
}
客户端实现
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ChatClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
SocketChannel client = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 5555)); // 连接到服务器的5555端口
System.out.println("Connected to Chat Server");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.print("Enter your message: ");
String message = scanner.nextLine();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes());
client.write(buffer);
buffer.clear();
int bytesRead = client.read(buffer);
if (bytesRead == -1) {
System.out.println("Server has closed the connection");
break;
}
String response = new String(buffer.array(), 0, bytesRead);
System.out.println("Server response: " + response);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务器:使用Selector来管理多个SocketChannel的连接和读取操作,实现非阻塞I/O。当读取到客户端消息时,服务器将该消息广播给所有其他客户端。
客户端:通过一个单独的线程监听服务器发来的消息,并在主线程中读取用户输入,发送给服务器。
多线程:服务器利用NIO的非阻塞特性处理多个连接,而客户端使用一个额外的线程来异步地接收来自服务器的消息。
这个案例展示了如何结合使用Socket编程、NIO和多线程技术来构建一个简单的聊天应用。这只是一个基础版本,实际应用中可能需要考虑更多的细节,比如更健壮的异常处理、更复杂的协议来处理消息边界等。
测试打开xshell 连接本地127.0.0.1 5555端口 telnet连接方式 同时打开多个会话窗口,不同窗口输入不同内容