【Android学习】网络通信----以HttpURLConnection Post请求为例

最近开始写课程作业的java部分的代码。略微了解了一下android平台开发中的网络通信方式，也顺便和大家分享一下自己的所得。

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三种网络通信方式

• 标准java接口

import java.net.*;

• Org.apache接口

import org.apache.*;

• Android.net接口

import android.net.*;

备注：在Android 5.1版本以上，Google废止了HttpClient的API。原因是由于HttpClient的API数量过多，使得官方很难在不破坏兼容性的情况下对它进行升级和扩展。虽然HttpURLConnection的API提供的比较简单，但是同时这也使得我们可以更加容易地去使用和扩展它。

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服务器接口示例

Base url ：http://115.29.184.56:8090/api/

POST /user/auth

Param ( json格式 )

学生:
{
 "username":"username",
 "password":"password"
}
老师:
{
  "username":"username",
  "password":"password"
}

Response

{
 "username":"...",
 "name":"..."
 "type":"student"|"teacher"|"admin",
 "avatar":"image url",
 "gender":"male"|"female",
 "email":"xxx@xxx.com",

 //student attribute
 "gitId":int,
 "number":"141250123",

 //teacher arrribute
 "authority":"true"|"false",
}

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代码示例

package com.example.aaron_zrrrrr.gcms;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * Created by Aaron_zrrrrr on 2017/6/26.
 */

public class URLConnection {
    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送Json数据的POST方法的请求
     *
     * @param url   发送请求的 URL
     * @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 json的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendJsonPost(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            // 打开和URL之间的连接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
            // 设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            // 设置文件类型:
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            // 设置文件字符集:
            conn.setRequestProperty("charset", "UTF-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

            conn.connect();
            // 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.print(param);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        String result = sendJsonPost("http://115.29.184.56:8090/api/user/auth","{\"username\":\"nanguangtailang\",\"password\":\"123\"}");
        System.out.println(result);
    }
}

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Response

{"id":64,"username":"nanguangtailang","name":"南光太郎","type":"student","avatar":null,"gender":"male","email":"ngtl@126.com","schoolId":1,"gitId":1,"number":null,"groupId":0,"gitUsername":null}

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