PAT 1014 Waiting in line

题目如下：
Suppose a bank has N windows open for service. There is a yellow line in front of the windows which devides the waiting area into two parts. The rules for the customers to wait in line are:
•The space inside the yellow line in front of each window is enough to contain a line with M customers. Hence when all the N lines are full, all the customers after (and including) the (NM+1)st one will have to wait in a line behind the yellow line.
•Each customer will choose the shortest line to wait in when crossing the yellow line. If there are two or more lines with the same length, the customer will always choose the window with the smallest number.
•Customer[i] will take T[i] minutes to have his/her transaction processed.
•The first N customers are assumed to be served at 8:00am.

Now given the processing time of each customer, you are supposed to tell the exact time at which a customer has his/her business done.

For example, suppose that a bank has 2 windows and each window may have 2 custmers waiting inside the yellow line. There are 5 customers waiting with transactions taking 1, 2, 6, 4 and 3 minutes, respectively. At 08:00 in the morning, customer1 is served at window1 while customer2 is served at window2. Customer3 will wait in front of window1 and customer4 will wait in front of window2. Customer5 will wait behind the yellow line.

At 08:01, customer1 is done and customer5 enters the line in front of window1 since that line seems shorter now. Customer2 will leave at 08:02, customer4 at 08:06, customer3 at 08:07, and finally customer5 at 08:10.

Input

Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 4 positive integers: N (<=20, number of windows), M (<=10, the maximum capacity of each line inside the yellow line), K (<=1000, number of customers), and Q (<=1000, number of customer queries).

The next line contains K positive integers, which are the processing time of the K customers.

The last line contains Q positive integers, which represent the customers who are asking about the time they can have their transactions done. The customers are numbered from 1 to K.

Output

For each of the Q customers, print in one line the time at which his/her transaction is finished, in the format HH:MM where HH is in [08, 17] and MM is in [00, 59]. Note that since the bank is closed everyday after 17:00, for those customers who cannot be served before 17:00, you must output “Sorry” instead.

Sample Input
2 2 7 5
1 2 6 4 3 534 2
3 4 5 6 7

Sample Output
08:07
08:06
08:10
17:00
Sorry

题目大意即模拟顾客在银行排队的情景，很容易可以想到使用queue模拟每一个窗口前的队列。主要思路如下：
先将黄线前的队列填满，并计算出每个顾客的开始时间和结束时间，并依次改变窗口的结束时间。对于黄线后的每个顾客，先找出所有窗口中最前方的顾客的结束时间中最早的一个，进行pop，再push下一个顾客，同样改变开始时间和结束时间。处理完所有顾客后，判断时间并输出即可。

注意：

For each of the Q customers, print in one line the time at which his/her transaction is finished,
for those customers who cannot be served before 17:00, you must output “Sorry” instead.

要输出的是顾客的结束时间，但是判断是否输出sorry的是顾客的开始时间。
代码如下：

// PAT 1014 Waiting in line
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <limits>
// #include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

// The unit of time is minute
struct Customer
{
    int start;
    int end;
    int consume;
};

struct Window
{
    int finish;
    queue<int> que;
};

int main() {
    int n, m, k, q;
    Customer cus[1001];
    Window win[20];
    cin >> n >> m >> k >> q;
    for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++)
        cin >> cus[i].consume;
    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
        win[j].finish = 0;

    // before yellow line
    for (int i = 1, j = 0; i <= n*m && i <= k; j = (j + 1) % n, i++) {
        cus[i].start = win[j].finish;
        cus[i].end = cus[i].start + cus[i].consume;
        win[j].finish += cus[i].consume;
        win[j].que.push(i);
    }

    // enter th yellow line
    for (int i = n*m + 1; i <= k; i++) {
        int index = 0;
        int mintime = numeric_limits<int>::max();
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if (cus[win[j].que.front()].end < mintime) {
                mintime = cus[win[j].que.front()].end;
                index = j;
            }
        }
        cus[i].start = win[index].finish;
        cus[i].end = cus[i].start + cus[i].consume;
        win[index].finish += cus[i].consume;
        win[index].que.pop();
        win[index].que.push(i);
    }
    int query;
    for (int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
        cin >> query;
        int shour = cus[query].start / 60 + 8;
        if (shour >= 17) {
            cout << "Sorry\n";
        }
        else {
            int ehour = cus[query].end / 60 + 8;
            int emin = cus[query].end % 60;
            if (ehour < 10)
                cout << '0' << ehour << ':';
            else
                cout << ehour << ':';
            if (emin < 10)
                cout << '0' << emin << endl;
            else
                cout << emin << endl;
        }
    }
    // system("pause");
    return 0;
}