大话设计模式（2）

第2章 策略模式

商场收银软件

简单工厂模式

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//现金收费抽象类
class AbstractCashSuper {
public:
	virtual double acceptCash(double money) = 0;
};
class CashNormal :public AbstractCashSuper {
public:
	double acceptCash(double money) {
		return money;
	}
};
class CashRebate :public AbstractCashSuper {
private:
	double moneyRebate {1};
public:
	CashRebate(double rebate) {
		moneyRebate = rebate;
	}
	double acceptCash(double money) {
		return money*moneyRebate;
	}
};
class CashReturn :public AbstractCashSuper {
private:
	double moneyCondition = 0;
	double moneyReturn = 0.0;
public:
	CashReturn(double condMoney, double retMoney) {
		moneyCondition = condMoney;
		moneyReturn = retMoney;
	}
	double acceptCash(double money) {
		return money - int(money / moneyCondition) * moneyReturn;
	}
};
/*
若增加新的商场促销手段，满100积分10点时，则需增加一个新的类，继承CashSuper，
在CashFactory增加条件分支，客服界面也需要稍微改动
*/
class CashFactory {
public:
	static AbstractCashSuper* createCash(int type) {
		if (type == 1)
			return new CashNormal;
		else if (type == 2)
			return new CashRebate(0.8);   //更改打折初始值 
		else if (type == 3)
			return new CashReturn(300, 100);  //更改满减初始值
		else
			return NULL;
	}
};

void test01(double totalprice, int type) {
	CashFactory factory;
	AbstractCashSuper* absCashSuper = factory.createCash(type);
	cout << "应收金额为：" << absCashSuper->acceptCash(totalprice) << endl;
}

int main() {
	double price = 0;
	cout << "请输入商品价格：";
	cin >> price;
	int number = 0;
	cout << "请输入商品数量：";
	cin >> number;
	int cashType;
	cout << "请选择活动模式（1.正常，2.打8折，3.满300减100）：" ;
	cin >> cashType;

	double totalPrice = 0;
	totalPrice = price * number;

	test01(totalPrice, cashType);

	return 0;
}

策略模式

策略模式（Strategy）：它定义了算法家族，分别封装起来，让它们之间可以互相替换，此模式让算法的变化，不会影响到使用算法的客户。【DP】

商场收银时如何促销，用打折还是返利，其实都是一些算法，用工厂来生成算法对象，这没有错，但算法本身只是一种策略，最重要的是随时都有可能互相替换的，这就是变化点，而封装变化点是我们面向对象的一种很重要的思维方式。

CashSuper就是抽象策略，而正常收费CashNormal、打折CashRebate和返利CashReturn就是三个具体策略，也就是策略模式中说的具体算法

//策略模式
class CashContext {
public:
	CashContext(AbstractCashSuper* abs) {
		mCashSuper = abs;
	}
	double getResult(double money) {
		return mCashSuper->acceptCash(money);
	}
private:
	AbstractCashSuper* mCashSuper;
};

void test01(double totalprice, int type) {
	AbstractCashSuper* abs = NULL;
	CashContext* mcs = NULL;
	if (type == 1){
		abs = new CashNormal;
		mcs = new CashContext(abs);
	}
	else if (type == 2) {
		abs = new CashRebate(0.8);
		mcs = new CashContext(abs);
	}
	else if (type == 3) {
		abs = new CashReturn(300, 100);
		mcs = new CashContext(abs);
	}		
	cout << "应收金额为：" << mcs->getResult(totalprice) << endl;
	delete mcs;
	delete abs;
}

策略模式Pro

//策略模式Pro
class CashContextPro {
public:
	CashContextPro(int type){
		if (type == 1)
			mCashSuper = new CashNormal;
		else if (type == 2)
			mCashSuper = new CashRebate(0.8);
		else if (type == 3)
			mCashSuper = new CashReturn(300, 100);
	}	
	double getResult(double money) {
		return mCashSuper->acceptCash(money);
	}
private:
	AbstractCashSuper* mCashSuper = NULL;
};

void test01(double totalprice, int type) {
	CashContextPro* ccp = new CashContextPro(type);
	cout << "应收金额为：" << ccp->getResult(totalprice) << endl;
	delete ccp;
}

改进后的策略模式还是存在不足，比如，需要增加一种算法，“满200送50”，就必须更改CashContextPro中的if else 代码。
还可以用到反射技术进行优化。