IP
IP 地址 InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机 localhost
- IP 地址分类:
IPV4 / IPV6(128位 8个无符号整数)
公网(互联网) / 私网(局域网)
package com.jarvis.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件
- 被规定 0 ~ 65535
- 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类:
- 公有端口 0 ~ 1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024 ~ 49151 分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有端口:49152 ~ 15535
- 公有端口 0 ~ 1023
package com.jarvis.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());
}
}
TCP
客户端
package com.jarvis.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
try {
// 服务器得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true){
// 等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
// 读取客户端消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
// 管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if(byteArrayOutputStream != null){
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
客户端
package com.jarvis.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TCPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
// 要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress severIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
// 端口号
int port = 9999;
// 创建 socket 连接
socket = new Socket(severIP, port);
// 发送消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("Hello".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器
package com.jarvis.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
// 监听客户端连接
// 阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
// 获取输入流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知客户端接收完毕了
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("接收完毕,你可以断开了".getBytes());
// 关闭资源
outputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.jarvis.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TCPClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建 socket 连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9999);
// 创建一个输出流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
// 读取文件
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("2020.1.16BurgerKing.jpg"));
// 写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知服务器已经传输完毕
socket.shutdownOutput();
// 确定服务器接受完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
// 关闭资源
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
fileInputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务器:
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat S
客户端: - 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP
发送端
package com.jarvis.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UDPClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 建立一个 socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 建立一个包
String msg = "Hello";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
// 发送这个包
socket.send(datagramPacket);
// 关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.jarvis.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
// 等待客户端的连接
public class UDPServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 接收数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(datagramPacket);// 阻塞接收
System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(), 0, datagramPacket.getLength()));
System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());
// 关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
package com.jarvis.lesson03.chat;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UDPSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
// 准备数据,从控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String data = reader.readLine();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(), 0, data.getBytes().length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(datagramPacket);
if(data.equals("bye")) break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package com.jarvis.lesson03.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UDPReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(datagramPacket);// 阻塞式接收包裹
// 读取数据 + 断开连接
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")) break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
聊天(多线程)
package com.jarvis.lesson03.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSender implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSender(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
try{
while(true){
String data = reader.readLine();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(data.getBytes(), 0, data.getBytes().length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(datagramPacket);
if(data.equals("bye")) break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.jarvis.lesson03.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceiver implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceiver(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(datagramPacket);// 阻塞式接收包裹
// 读取数据 + 断开连接
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, datagramPacket.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom + ": " + receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")) break;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
package com.jarvis.lesson03.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSender(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiver(8888, "Teacher")).start();
}
}
package com.jarvis.lesson03.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSender(6666, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiver(9999, "Student")).start();
}
}
URL
统一资源定位符:定位互联网上的某一个资源
package com.jarvis.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=jarvis");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());// 协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());// 主机IP
System.out.println(url.getPort());// 端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());// 文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());// 文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());// 参数
}
}
package com.jarvis.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class URLDownload {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210420142930/3c4efca75974029c2494500a8e41dd9c/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/5834087098/9ceb/ccef/b926/b10f27123a21733438e379a4682c5a2c.m4a");
// 连接到这个资源
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("music.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}