SpringMVC源码解读[1] -Spring MVC 环境搭建

• 源码地址: https://github.com/chen-jiacheng/springmvc-quickstart

一、使用 IDEA 创建 Spring MVC 项目

直接创建项目即可

默认项目结构:

springmvc-quickstart
├── pom.xml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   │   └── com
    │   │       └── chenjiacheng
    │   │           └── springmvc
    │   │               └── Main.java
    │   └── resources
    └── test
        └── java

二、依赖管理

引入servlet-api、jsp、springmvc等

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.chenjiacheng.springmvc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc-quickstart</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <!--   spring framework version     -->
        <spring.version>5.3.24</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Servlet API -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-framework-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
    </build>

</project>

三、IDEA-WEB项目构建

File => Project Structure

3.1 Model

Deployment Descriptors: ~/IdeaProjects/springmvc-quickstart/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

Web Resource Directories: ~/Jetbrains/IdeaProjects/springmvc-quickstart/src/main/webapp

3.2 Artifacts

项目结构:

springmvc-quickstart
├── pom.xml
├── springmvc-quickstart.iml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   │   └── com
    │   │       └── chenjiacheng
    │   │           └── springmvc
    │   │               └── Main.java
    │   ├── resources
    │   └── webapp
    │       └── WEB-INF
    │           └── web.xml
    └── test
        └── java

四、代码编写

4.1 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.2 spring-mvc.xml

位置: ~/Jetbrains/IdeaProjects/springmvc-quickstart/src/main/resources/spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.chenjiacheng.springmvc"/>

    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

4.3 JSP 文件编写

4.3.1 index.jsp

位置: ~/Jetbrains/IdeaProjects/springmvc-quickstart/src/main/webapp/index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Spring MVC</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, Spring MVC.</h1>
</body>
</html>

4.3.2 echo.jsp

位置: ~/Jetbrains/IdeaProjects/springmvc-quickstart/src/main/webapp/views/echo.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Echo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>EchoServer: ${msg} </h1>
</body>
</html>

4.4 EchoController

位置：~/Jetbrains/IdeaProjects/springmvc-quickstart/src/main/java/com/chenjiacheng/springmvc/controller/EchoController.java

package com.chenjiacheng.springmvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

/**
 * Created by chenjiacheng on 2024/5/23 00:47
 *
 * @author chenjiacheng
 * @since 1.0.0
 */
@Controller
public class EchoController {

    @GetMapping("/echo")
    public String echo(Model model, @RequestParam("msg")String msg){
        model.addAttribute("msg",msg);
        return "echo";
    }
}

最终项目结构:

springmvc-quickstart
├── pom.xml
├── springmvc-quickstart.iml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   ├── java
    │   │   └── com
    │   │       └── chenjiacheng
    │   │           └── springmvc
    │   │               ├── Main.java
    │   │               └── controller
    │   │                   └── EchoController.java
    │   ├── resources
    │   │   └── spring-mvc.xml
    │   └── webapp
    │       ├── WEB-INF
    │       │   └── web.xml
    │       ├── index.jsp
    │       └── views
    │           └── echo.jsp
    └── test
        └── java

五、配置Tomcat服务器

5.1 配置Tomcat服务器

5.2 启动&访问

5.2.1 访问地址主页

地址: http://localhost:8080/springmvc_quickstart_war_exploded/
返回: index.jsp

5.2.2 访问 echo.jsp

地址: http://localhost:8080/springmvc_quickstart_war_exploded/echo?msg=hello,springmvc
返回: echo.jsp