【C++STL】list的反向迭代器

list的反向迭代器

reverse.h

#pragma once

namespace mudan
{
	template<class Iterator, class Ref, class Ptr>
	struct __reverse_iterator
	{
		Iterator _cur;
		typedef __reverse_iterator<Iterator, Ref, Ptr> RIterator;

		__reverse_iterator(Iterator it)
			:_cur(it)
		{}

		RIterator operator++()
		{
			--_cur;
			return *this;
		}

		RIterator operator--()
		{
			++_cur;
			return *this;
		}

		Ref operator*()
		{
			//return *_cur;
			auto tmp = _cur;
			--tmp;
			return *tmp;
		}

		Ptr operator->()
		{
			//return _cur.operator->();
			return &(operator*());
		}

		bool operator!=(const RIterator& it)
		{
			return _cur != it._cur;
		}
	};
}

list.h

#include<assert.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include"reverse.h"   
using namespace std;

namespace mudan
{

	template<class T>
	struct list_node
	{
		T _data;
		list_node<T>* _next;
		list_node<T>* _prev;

		list_node(const T& x = T())
			:_data(x)
			, _next(nullptr)
			, _prev(nullptr)
		{}
	};

	// typedef __list_iterator<T, T&, T*>             iterator;
	// typedef __list_iterator<T, const T&, const T*> const_iterator;

	// 像指针一样的对象
	template<class T, class Ref, class Ptr>
	struct __list_iterator
	{
		typedef list_node<T> Node;
		typedef __list_iterator<T, Ref, Ptr> iterator;

		typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
		typedef T value_type;
		typedef Ptr pointer;
		typedef Ref reference;
		typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;


		Node* _node;


		__list_iterator(Node* node)
			:_node(node)
		{}

		bool operator!=(const iterator& it) const
		{
			return _node != it._node;
		}

		bool operator==(const iterator& it) const
		{
			return _node == it._node;
		}

		// *it  it.operator*()
		// const T& operator*()
		// T& operator*()
		Ref operator*()
		{
			return _node->_data;
		}

		//T* operator->() 
		Ptr operator->()
		{
			return &(operator*());
		}

		// ++it
		iterator& operator++()
		{
			_node = _node->_next;
			return *this;
		}

		// it++
		iterator operator++(int)
		{
			iterator tmp(*this);
			_node = _node->_next;
			return tmp;
		}

		// --it
		iterator& operator--()
		{
			_node = _node->_prev;
			return *this;
		}

		// it--
		iterator operator--(int)
		{
			iterator tmp(*this);
			_node = _node->_prev;
			return tmp;
		}
	};

	template<class T>
	class list
	{
		typedef list_node<T> Node;
	public:
		typedef __list_iterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;
		typedef __list_iterator<T, const T&, const T*> const_iterator;

		typedef __reverse_iterator<iterator, T&, T*> reverse_iterator;
		typedef __reverse_iterator<const_iterator, const T&, const T*> const_reverse_iterator;


		const_iterator begin() const
		{
			return const_iterator(_head->_next);
		}

		const_iterator end() const
		{
			return const_iterator(_head);
		}

		iterator begin()
		{
			return iterator(_head->_next);
		}

		iterator end()
		{
			return iterator(_head);
		}

		reverse_iterator rbegin()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(end());
		}

		reverse_iterator rend()
		{
			return reverse_iterator(begin());
		}

		void empty_init()
		{
			// 创建并初始化哨兵位头结点
			_head = new Node;
			_head->_next = _head;
			_head->_prev = _head;
		}

		template <class InputIterator>
		list(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
		{
			empty_init();

			while (first != last)
			{
				push_back(*first);
				++first;
			}
		}

		list()
		{
			empty_init();
		}

		void swap(list<T>& x)
			//void swap(list& x)
		{
			std::swap(_head, x._head);
		}

		// lt2(lt1)
		list(const list<T>& lt)
		{
			empty_init();
			list<T> tmp(lt.begin(), lt.end());
			swap(tmp);
		}

		// lt1 = lt3
		list<T>& operator=(list<T> lt)
		{
			swap(lt);
			return *this;
		}

		~list()
		{
			clear();
			delete _head;
			_head = nullptr;
		}

		void clear()
		{
			iterator it = begin();
			while (it != end())
			{
				it = erase(it);
			}
		}

		void push_back(const T& x)
		{
			//Node* tail = _head->_prev;
			//Node* newnode = new Node(x);

			 _head          tail  newnode
			//tail->_next = newnode;
			//newnode->_prev = tail;
			//newnode->_next = _head;
			//_head->_prev = newnode;

			insert(end(), x);
		}

		void push_front(const T& x)
		{
			insert(begin(), x);
		}

		iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
		{
			Node* cur = pos._node;
			Node* prev = cur->_prev;

			Node* newnode = new Node(x);

			// prev newnode cur
			prev->_next = newnode;
			newnode->_prev = prev;
			newnode->_next = cur;
			cur->_prev = newnode;

			return iterator(newnode);
		}

		void pop_back()
		{
			erase(--end());
		}

		void pop_front()
		{
			erase(begin());
		}

		iterator erase(iterator pos)
		{
			assert(pos != end());

			Node* cur = pos._node;
			Node* prev = cur->_prev;
			Node* next = cur->_next;

			prev->_next = next;
			next->_prev = prev;
			delete cur;

			return iterator(next);
		}

	private:
		Node* _head;
	};

	
	void test()
	{
		list<int> ls;
		ls.push_back(1);
		ls.push_back(2);
		ls.push_back(3);
		ls.push_back(4);
		ls.push_back(5);
		ls.push_back(6);

		for (auto& e : ls)
		{
			cout << e << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
		list<int>copy = ls;
		for (auto e : copy)
		{
			cout << e << " ";
		}
	}
}

test.cpp

#include"list.h"
#include<list>

int main(void)
{
	mudan::test();
	//list<int>ls;
	//ls.push_back(1);
	//ls.push_back(2);
	//ls.push_back(3);
	//ls.push_back(4);
	//ls.push_back(5);
	//ls.push_back(6);
	//for (auto e : ls)
	//{
	//	cout << e << " ";
	//}
	//cout << endl;
	//list<int>lt(ls);
	//for (auto e : lt)
	//{
	//	cout << e << " ";
	//}
	return 0;
}

疑问1：为什么在迭代器当中不需要写深拷贝、析构函数

1、因为迭代器就是希望做到浅拷贝，就是需要拿到地址而不是值，因为迭代器的修改是会影响对象中的内容的

2、因为迭代器并没有申请额外的空间，所以不需要析构，如果写了析构函数，那么调用一次迭代器那岂不是把对象都给销毁了😂😂😂

疑问2：为什么在迭代器当中需要三个模板参数？

其实这三个参数是被抽象出来的，__list_iterator<T, Ref, Ptr>等价于__list_iterator<T, T&, T>，其实在迭代器当中只有一个参数也可以正常推导，但是在list类当中只有一个参数就不行了，因为如果传递过来的是const修饰的类，然后用T&来接收的话会导致权限被缩小了，所以，为了解决这个const的问题，直接显示的定义模板参数*

typedef __list_iterator<T, T&, T> iterator;
typedef __list_iterator<T, const T&,const T> const_iterator;**

Ref就是reference

Ptr就是pointer

疑问3：反向迭代器是怎么实现的？

反向迭代器其实就是利用正向迭代器实现的，重载一下++、–等操作符，不过逻辑上功能要反过来写

疑问4：为什么*解引用不直接返回当前值

因为begin()和end()的位置和正常实现的不一样

为什么要加一些不认识的typedef

		typedef bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
		typedef T value_type;
		typedef Ptr pointer;
		typedef Ref reference;
		typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;

我也不知道，不加过不了编译，我太菜了😭😭😭😭😭😭