12. PatternSyntaxException 类的方法
PatternSynException 是未检查异常,指示正则表达式模式中的语法错误。PatternSyntaxException类提供了下面的一些方法,用于确定在什么地方发生了错误:
public String getDescription() :获得错误描述。
public int getIndex() :获得错误索引。
public String getPattern() :获得字符串形式的错误的正则表达式。
public String getMessage() : 获得一个多行的字符串,包括语法错误和错误的索引、错误的正则表达式模式,以及模式内可视化的索引指示。
下面和源代码(RegexTestHarness2.java) 更新了测试工具,用于检查不正确的正则表达式:
package com.fortune.test;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: Alan
* Date: 12-5-28
* Time: 下午1:46
*/
public class RegexTestHarness2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pattern pattern = null;
Matcher matcher = null;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
try {
System.out.printf("%nEnter your regex: ");
pattern = Pattern.compile(scanner.nextLine());
System.out.printf("Enter input string to search: ");
matcher = pattern.matcher(scanner.nextLine());
} catch (PatternSyntaxException pse) {
System.out.println("There is a problem with the regular expression!");
System.out.println("The pattern in question is:" + pse.getPattern());
System.out.println("The description is:" + pse.getDescription());
System.out.println("The message is: " + pse.getMessage());
System.out.println("The index is: " + pse.getIndex());
System.exit(0);
}
boolean found = false;
while (matcher.find()) {
System.out.printf(
"I found the text \"%s\" starting at index %d and ending at index %d.%n",
matcher.group(), matcher.start(), matcher.end()
);
found = true;
}
if (!found) {
System.out.printf("No match found.%n");
}
}
}
}
运行该测试,输入?i)foo作为正则表达式。这是个臆想出来的错误,程序员在使用内嵌标志表达式(?i)时忘记输入左括号了。这样做会产生下面的结果:
Enter your regex: ?i)
There is a problem with the regular expression!
The pattern in question is:?i)
The description is:Dangling meta character '?'
The message is: Dangling meta character '?' near index 0
?i)
^
The index is: 0
从这个输出中,可以看出在索引 0 处的元字符(?)附近有语法错误。缺少左括号是导致这个错误的最魁祸首。