观察者模式（Observer Pattern）

观察者模式定义：

Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state , all its dependents are notified and updated automatically .

定义对象之间的“一对多”的依赖关系，这样，当一个对象的状态发生变化时，所有依赖于这个对象的相关对象都被通知并自动更新。

观察者模式的实现：

观察者：个人投资者（Private Investors）和机构投资者（Institutions Investors）

被观察的对象：股票（Stock）

当股票价格发生一定改变时，股票去通知观察者

package pattern.part4.chapter14.pattern;

/**
 * Date: 2010-8-15
 * Time: 12:01:35
 */
public interface StockBuyer {
    void update(float price);
}

package pattern.part4.chapter14.pattern;

/**
 * Date: 2010-8-15
 * Time: 12:24:54
 */
public class PrivateInvestor implements StockBuyer {
    private String name;
    private float maxPrice;
    private float minPrice;

    public PrivateInvestor(String name, float maxPrice, float minPrice, Stock stock) {
        this.name = name;
        this.maxPrice = maxPrice;
        this.minPrice = minPrice;
        stock.addBuyers(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float price) {
        if (price > maxPrice) {
            System.out.printf("%s is buying 500 shares...\n", name);
        }

        if (price < minPrice) {
            System.out.printf("%s is selling 1000 stocks...\n", name);
        }
    }
}

package pattern.part4.chapter14.pattern;

/**
 * Date: 2010-8-15
 * Time: 12:27:49
 */
public class InstitutionalInvestor implements StockBuyer {
    private String name;
    private float maxPrice;
    private float minPrice;

    public InstitutionalInvestor(String name, float maxPrice, float minPrice, Stock stock) {
        this.name = name;
        this.maxPrice = maxPrice;
        this.minPrice = minPrice;
        stock.addBuyers(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(float price) {
        if (price > maxPrice) {
            System.out.printf("%s is selling 100000 stocks...\n", name);
        }

        if (price < minPrice) {
            System.out.printf("%s is buying 20000 shares...\n", name);
        }
    }
}

package pattern.part4.chapter14.pattern;

/**
 * Date: 2010-8-15
 * Time: 12:01:35
 */
public interface StockBuyer {
    void update(float price);
}

package pattern.part4.chapter14.pattern;

/**
 * Date: 2010-8-15
 * Time: 12:32:27
 */
public class TestDrive {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Stock stock = new Stock(19f);
        InstitutionalInvestor institutionalInvestor = new InstitutionalInvestor("Company E", 20f, 18.5f, stock);
        PrivateInvestor privateInvestor = new PrivateInvestor("Xiao D", 20f, 18.9f, stock);

        stock.setPrice(19.0224f);
        System.out.println();

        stock.setPrice(20.923f);
        System.out.println();

        stock.setPrice(18.8938f);
        System.out.println();

        stock.setPrice(19.9938f);
    }
}

运行结果：

Previous price: 19.0000. Current price: 19.0224. Loss/Gain: 0.117894%.


Previous price: 19.0224. Current price: 20.9230. Loss/Gain: 9.99138%.
Company E is selling 100000 stocks...
Xiao D is buying 500 shares...


Previous price: 20.9230. Current price: 18.8938. Loss/Gain: -9.69842%.
Xiao D is selling 1000 stocks...


Previous price: 18.8938. Current price: 19.9938. Loss/Gain: 5.82201%.