原型模式（Prototype Pattern）

原型模式的定义：

Specify the kinds of objects to create using a prototypical instance , and create new objects by copying this prototype .

使用原型实例指定要创建的对象类型，通过复制这个实例创建新的对象。

原型模式在生活中的应用场景：

假如你刚给自己的客厅做了装修，你朋友正好也希望给他的客厅做装修，那么，他可能把你家的装修方案拿过来改改就成，你的装修方案就是原型。

原型模式的实现：

提供一个静态工厂方法来获得原型数据，然后复制这些数据，最后做相应的初始化。为了操作安全，我们不直接使用原型数据，而是使用clone()方法从内存中克隆这条原型数据再做后续操作。在这里使用的是Java提供java.lang.Cloneable接口克隆数据。

（我们在复制新的新的数据时，需要特别注意的是，我们不能把所有数据都复制过来，例如，当对象包含主键时，不能使用原型数据的主键，必须创建一个新的主键。）

package com.alex.prototypepattern;

public class PackageInfoTestDrive {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PackageInfo currentInfo = PackageInfo.clonePackage("John");
        System.out.println("Original package information:");
        display(currentInfo);

        currentInfo.setId(10000l);
        currentInfo.setReceiverName("Ryan");
        currentInfo.setReceiverAddress("People Square, Shanghai");

        System.out.println("\nNew package information:");
        display(currentInfo);
    }

    private static void display(PackageInfo currentInfo) {
        System.out.println("Package id: " + currentInfo.getId());
        System.out.println("Receiver name: " + currentInfo.getReceiverName());
        System.out.println("Receiver address: " + currentInfo.getReceiverAddress());
        System.out.println("Sender name: " + currentInfo.getSenderName());
        System.out.println("Sender Phone No.: " + currentInfo.getSenderPhoneNo());
    }
}

package com.alex.prototypepattern;


public class PackageInfo implements Cloneable{
	 private Long id;
	    private String receiverName;
	    private String receiverAddress;
	    private String senderName;
	    private String senderPhoneNo;

	    //other fields, getters, setters and other methods...


	    public Long getId() {
	        return id;
	    }

	    public void setId(Long id) {
	        this.id = id;
	    }

	    public String getReceiverName() {
	        return receiverName;
	    }

	    public void setReceiverName(String receiverName) {
	        this.receiverName = receiverName;
	    }

	    public String getReceiverAddress() {
	        return receiverAddress;
	    }

	    public void setReceiverAddress(String receiverAddress) {
	        this.receiverAddress = receiverAddress;
	    }

	    public String getSenderName() {
	        return senderName;
	    }

	    public void setSenderName(String senderName) {
	        this.senderName = senderName;
	    }

	    public String getSenderPhoneNo() {
	        return senderPhoneNo;
	    }

	    public void setSenderPhoneNo(String senderPhoneNo) {
	        this.senderPhoneNo = senderPhoneNo;
	    }
	    
	public PackageInfo clone(){
		try{
			return (PackageInfo)super.clone();
		}catch(CloneNotSupportedException ex){
			System.out.println("Cloning not allowed");
			return null;
		}
	}
	
	public static PackageInfo clonePackage(String userName){
		PackageInfo prototype = loadPackageInfo(userName);
		prototype.clone();
		prototype.setId(null);
		return prototype;
	}
	
	 //Simulate loading data from database
    private static PackageInfo loadPackageInfo(String userName) {
        PackageInfo packageInfo = new PackageInfo();

        //create a String object in jvm heap not jvm string pool
        packageInfo.setId(100l);
        packageInfo.setReceiverName("John");
        packageInfo.setReceiverAddress("People Square,Shanghai");
        packageInfo.setSenderName("William");
        packageInfo.setSenderPhoneNo("12345678901");
        return packageInfo;
    }
}

运行结果：

Original package information:
Package id: null
Receiver name: John
Receiver address: People Square,Shanghai
Sender name: William
Sender Phone No.: 12345678901


New package information:
Package id: 10000
Receiver name: Ryan
Receiver address: People Square, Shanghai
Sender name: William
Sender Phone No.: 12345678901

Object 的 clone()方法的复制是采用逐字节的方式从内存复制数据，复制了对象属性的引用，而属性所指的对象本身没有复制，因此所复制的引用指向了相同的对象。用这种方式复制对象是浅拷贝，不是深拷贝。

注：本文大部分内容点来自刘济华的《漫谈设计模式》