第九章编程练习

NDWET

于 2022-03-17 18:41:39 发布

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分类专栏：《C++ Primer Plus 第6版》之编程练习文章标签： c++ visual studio c语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/AlexiaDong/article/details/123477401

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1.下面是一个头文件：
const int Len = 40;
struct golf
{
char fullname[Len];
int handicap;
};
//function sets golf structure to provided name, handicap
//using values passed as arguments to the function
void setgolf(golf& g, const char* name, int hc);

//function solicits name and handicap from user
//and sets the member of g to the values entered
//returns 1 if name is enteren, 0 if name is empty string
int setgolf(golf& g);

//function resets handicap to new value
void handicap(golf& g, int hc);

//function displays contents of golf structure
void showgolf(const golf& g);

注意到setgolf()被重载，可以这样使用其第一个版本：
golf ann;
setgolf(ann, “Ann Birdfree”, 24);
上述函数调用提供了存储在ann结构中的信息。可以这样使用其第二个版本：
golf andy;
setgolf(andy);
上述函数将提示用户输入姓名和等级，并将它们存储在andy结构中。这个函数可以（但是不一定必须）在内部使用第一个版本。根据这个头文件，创建一个多文件程序。其中的一个文件名为golf.cpp，它提供了与头文件中的原型匹配的函数定义；另一个文件应包含main()，并演示原型化函数的所有特性。例如，包含一个让用户输入的循环，并使用输入的数据来填充一个由golf结构组成的数组，数组被填满或用户将高尔夫选手的姓名设置为空字符串时，循环将结束。main()函数只使用头文件中原型化的函数来访问函数。

实现：
//golf.h

#pragma once

const int Len = 40;
struct golf
{
	char fullname[Len];
	int handicap;
};
//function sets golf structure to provided name, handicap
//using values passed as arguments to the function
void setgolf(golf& g, const char* name, int hc);

//function solicits name and handicap from user
//and sets the member of g to the values entered
//returns 1 if name is enteren, 0 if name is empty string
int setgolf(golf& g);

//function resets handicap to new value
void handicap(golf& g, int hc);

//function displays contents of golf structure
void showgolf(const golf& g);

//golf.cpp

#include "golf.h"
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void setgolf(golf& g, const char* name, int hc)
{
	strcpy(g.fullname, name);
	g.handicap = hc;
}

int setgolf(golf& g)
{
	int temp = 1;
	cout << "The fullname is:";
	cin.getline(g.fullname, Len);
	if (strcmp(g.fullname, "") == 0)
	{
		temp = 0;
		return temp;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "The handicap is:";
		cin >> g.handicap;
		cin.get();//消耗回车
		return temp;
	}
}

void handicap(golf& g, int hc)
{
	g.handicap = hc;
}

void showgolf(const golf& g)
{
	cout << "The name of golf is:" << g.fullname << endl;
	cout << "The handicap of golf is:" << g.handicap << endl;
}

//main.cpp

const int SIZE = 2;

int main(void)
{
	golf g[SIZE];
	int count = 0;

	cout << "Enter the information of golf players:" << endl;
	while ( (count < SIZE) && (setgolf(g[count])) )
	{
		cout << "Enter the next information of golf player:" << endl;
		count++;
	}
	cout << "\nShow all the golf players informations:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
		showgolf(g[i]);
	}

	cout << "\nReset all the golf players informations:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
		handicap(g[i], 90);
		showgolf(g[i]);
	}

	return 0;
}

2.修改程序清单9.9：用string对象代替字符数组。这样，该程序将不再需要检查输入的字符串是否过长，同时可以将输入字符串同字符串“”进行比较，以判断是否为空行。

void strcount(const string str);

int main(void)
{
	string input;
	string next;

	cout << "Enter a line:" << endl;
	getline(cin,input);
	while (input != "")
	{	
		strcount(input);
		cout << "Enter next line(empty line to quit):" << endl;
		getline(cin, input);
	}
	cout << "Bye!" << endl;

	return 0;
}

void strcount(const string str)
{
	static int total = 0;
	int count = 0;

	count = str.size();

	total += count;
	cout << count << " characters" << endl;
	cout << total << " characters total" << endl;
}

3.下面是一个结构声明：
struct chaff
{
char dross[20];
int slag;
};
编写一个程序，使用定位new运算符将一个包含两个这种结构的数组放在一个缓冲区中。然后，给结构体的成员赋值（对于char数组，使用函数strcpy()），并使用一个循环来显示内容。一种方法是像程序清单9.10那样将一个静态数组用作缓冲区；另一种方法是使用常规new运算符来分配缓冲区。

struct chaff
{
	char dross[20];
	int slag;
};
const int BUF = 512;
char buffer[BUF];

void Show(const chaff&p);

int main(void)
{
	chaff *point_ch1 = new chaff[2];
	chaff *point_ch2 = new (buffer) chaff[2];
	char dross[20];
	int slag;

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		cout << "#" << i + 1 << ": " << endl;
		cout << "Enter the dross: ";
		cin.getline(dross, 20);
		cout << "Enter the slag: ";
		cin >> slag;
		cin.get();//消耗回车

		strcpy(point_ch1[i].dross, dross);
		strcpy(point_ch2[i].dross, dross);
		point_ch1[i].slag = point_ch2[i].slag = slag;

	}

	cout << "\nShow all:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		cout << "point_ch1[" << i + 1 << "]:" << endl;
		Show(point_ch1[i]);
		cout << "point_ch2[" << i + 1 << "]:" << endl;
		Show(point_ch2[i]);
	}

	return 0;
}
void Show(const chaff& p)
{
	cout << "The dross is:" << p.dross;
	cout << "\t The slag is:" << p.slag;
	cout << endl;
}

4.请给予下面这个名称空间编写一个由3个文件组成的程序：
namespace SALES
{
const int QUARTERS = 4;
struct Sales
{
double sales[QUARTERS];
double average;
double max;
double min;
};
//copies the lesser of 4 or n items from the array ar
//to the sales member of s and computes and stores the
//average, maximum, and minimum values of the entered items;
//remaining elements of sales, if any, set to 0
void SetSales(Sales &s, const double ar[], int n);
//gathers sales for 4 quarters interactively, stores them
//in the sales member of s and computes and stores the
//average, maximum, and minimum values
void SetSales(Sales & s);
//display all information in structure s
void ShowSales(const Sales& s);
}
第一个文件是一个头文件，其中包含名称空间；第二个文件是一个源代码文件，它对这个名称空间进行扩展，以提供这三个函数的定义；第三个文件声明两个Sales对象，并使用SetSales()的交互式版本为一个结构体赋值，然后使用SetSales()的非交互式版本为另一个结构体赋值。另外它还使用ShowSales()来显示这两个结构的内容。
实现：
Sales.h

#pragma once

namespace SALES
{
	const int QUARTERS = 4;
	struct Sales
	{
		double sales[QUARTERS];
		double average;
		double max;
		double min;
	};
	//copies the lesser of 4 or n items from the array ar
	//to the sales member of s and computes and stores the
	//average, maximum, and minimum values of the entered items;
	//remaining elements of sales, if any, set to 0
	void SetSales(Sales& s, const double ar[], int n);
	//gathers sales for 4 quarters interactively, stores them
	//in the sales member of s and computes and stores the 
	//average, maximum, and minimum values
	void SetSales(Sales& s);
	//display all information in structure s
	void ShowSales(const Sales& s);
}

Sales.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "sales.h"
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

namespace SALES
{
	void SetSales(Sales& s, const double ar[], int n)
	{
		double total = 0.0;
		int i = 0;


		for (; i < n && i < 4; ++i)
		{
			s.sales[i] = ar[i];
			total += s.sales[i];
		}

		s.average = total / i;
		s.max = s.sales[0];
		s.min = s.sales[0];

		for (int j = 1; j < i; ++j)
		{
			s.max = (s.max > s.sales[j]) ? s.max : s.sales[j];
			s.min = (s.min < s.sales[j]) ? s.min : s.sales[j];
		}

		if (n < 4)
		{
			for (int k = n; k < 4; k++)
			{
				s.sales[k] = 0;
			}
		}
	}

	void SetSales(Sales& s)
	{
		double total = 0.0;
		cout << "Enter 4 sales quarters:" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++)
		{
			cout << "#" << i + 1 << ":";
			cin >> s.sales[i];
			total += s.sales[i];

			if (i == 0)
			{
				s.max = s.sales[i];
				s.min = s.sales[i];
			}
			else
			{
				s.max = (s.max > s.sales[i]) ? s.max : s.sales[i];
				s.min = (s.min < s.sales[i]) ? s.min : s.sales[i];
			}
		}
		s.average = total / QUARTERS;
	}

	void ShowSales(const Sales& s)
	{
		cout << "The 4 sales are:";
		for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++)
		{
			cout << s.sales[i] << " ";
		}
		cout << endl;
		cout << "The average is:" << s.average << endl;
		cout << "The max value is:" << s.max << endl;
		cout << "The min value is:" << s.min << endl;
	}
}

main.cpp

using namespace SALES;

int main(void)
{
	double arr[4] = { 11.1, 22.2, 33.3, 44.4 };
	Sales sales;
	SetSales(sales, arr, 3);
	ShowSales(sales);

	SetSales(sales);
	ShowSales(sales);

	return 0;
}