1.为复习题5描述的类提供方法定义,并编写一个小程序来演示所有的特性。
定义一个类来表示银行账户。数据成员包括储户姓名、账号(使用字符串)和存款。成员函数执行如下操作:
创建一个对象并将其初始化;
显示储户姓名、账号和存款;
存入参数指定的存款;
取出参数指定的存款;
实现
bankaccount.h
class BankAccount
{
private:
string name;
string acctnum;
double balance;
public:
BankAccount(string client, string num, double bal = 0.0);
void Show(void) const;
void Deposit(double cash);
void Withdram(double cash);
};
bankaccount.cpp
BankAccount::BankAccount(string client, string num, double bal)
{
name = client;
acctnum = num;
balance = bal;
}
void BankAccount::Show(void) const
{
cout << "The account information:" << endl;
cout << "Name:" << name << endl;
cout << "Account:" << acctnum << endl;
cout << "Balance:" << balance << endl;
}
void BankAccount::Deposit(double cash)
{
balance += cash;
}
void BankAccount::Withdram(double cash)
{
balance -= cash;
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
BankAccount bank("Name1", "0000001", 1000);
bank.Show();
cout << endl;
bank.Deposit(500);
cout << "After deposit:" << endl;
bank.Show();
cout << endl;
bank.Withdram(1500);
cout << "After withdraw:" << endl;
bank.Show();
return 0;
}
2.下面是一个非常简单的类定义:
class Person
{
private:
static const int LIMIT = 25;
string lname;
char fname[LIMIT];
public:
Person() { lname = “”; fname[0] = ‘\0’; }
Person(const string& ln, const char* fn = “Heyyou”);
void Show() const;
void FormalShow()const;
};
它使用了一个string对象和一个字符数组,让您能够比较它们的用法。请提供未定义的方法的代码,以完成这个类的实现。再编写一个使用这个类的程序,它使用了三种可能的构造函数调用(没有参数、一个参数和两个参数)以及两种显示方法。下面是一个使用这些构造函数和方法的例子:
Person one;
Person two(“Smythecraft”);
Person three(“Dimwiddy”, “Sam”);
one.Show();
cout << endl;
one.FormalShow();
实现:
person.cpp
Person::Person(const string& ln, const char* fn)
{
lname = ln;
strcpy(fname, fn);
}
void Person::Show() const
{
if (lname == "" && fname[0] == '\0')
{
cout << "No name!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Person name:" << fname << " " << lname << endl;
}
}
void Person::FormalShow() const
{
if (lname == "" && fname[0] == '\0')
{
cout << "No name!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "Person name:" << lname << ", " << fname << endl;
}
}
main.cpp
Person one;
Person two("Smythecraft");
Person three("Dimwiddy", "Sam");
one.Show();
one.FormalShow();
cout << endl;
two.Show();
two.FormalShow();
cout << endl;
three.Show();
three.FormalShow();
cout << endl;
3.完成第9章的编程练习1,但要用正确的golf类声明替换那里的代码。用带合适参数的构造函数替换setgolf(golf&, const char*,int),以提供初始值。保留setgolf()的交互版本,但要用构造函数来实现它(例如,setgolf()的代码应该获得数据,将数据传递给构造函数来创建一个临时对象,并将其赋给调用对象,即*this)。
实现
golf.h
const int Len = 40;
class golf
{
public:
golf(const char* name, int hc);
golf();
void sethandicap(int hc);
void showgolf() const;
private:
char fullname[Len];
int handicap;
};
golf.cpp
#include "golf.h"
golf::golf(const char* name, int hc)
{
strcpy(this->fullname, name);
this->handicap = hc;
}
golf::golf()
{
cout << "The fullname is:";
cin.getline(fullname, Len);
cout << "The handicap is:";
cin >> handicap;
cin.get();//消耗回车
}
void golf::sethandicap(int hc)
{
this->handicap = hc;
}
void golf::showgolf() const
{
cout << "The name of golf is:" << fullname << endl;
cout << "The handicap of golf is:" << handicap << endl;
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
golf g1("rick", 100);
golf g2;
cout << endl;
cout << "Now show all the golf players:" << endl;
g1.showgolf();
g2.showgolf();
return 0;
}
4.完成第9章的编程练习4,但将Sales结构及相关的函数转换为一个类及其方法。用构造函数替换setSales(Sale&, double[], int)函数。用构造函数实现setSales(Sales&)方法的交互版本。将类保留在名称空间SALES中。
实现:
sales.h
#pragma once
namespace SALES
{
const int QUARTERS = 4;
class Sales
{
private:
double sales[QUARTERS];
double average;
double max;
double min;
public:
Sales(const double ar[], int n);
Sales();
void ShowSales() const;
};
}
sales.cpp
namespace SALES
{
Sales::Sales(const double ar[], int n)
{
double total = 0.0;
int i = 0;
for (; i < n && i < 4; ++i)
{
sales[i] = ar[i];
total += sales[i];
}
average = total / i;
max = sales[0];
min = sales[0];
for (int j = 1; j < i; ++j)
{
max = (max > sales[j]) ? max : sales[j];
min = (min < sales[j]) ? min : sales[j];
}
if (n < 4)
{
for (int k = n; k < 4; k++)
{
sales[k] = 0;
}
}
}
Sales::Sales()
{
double total = 0.0;
cout << "Enter 4 sales quarters:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++)
{
cout << "#" << i + 1 << ":";
cin >> sales[i];
total += sales[i];
if (i == 0)
{
max = sales[i];
min = sales[i];
}
else
{
max = (max > sales[i]) ? max : sales[i];
min = (min < sales[i]) ? min : sales[i];
}
}
average = total / QUARTERS;
}
void Sales::ShowSales() const
{
cout << "The 4 sales are:";
for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++)
{
cout << sales[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
cout << "The average is:" << average << endl;
cout << "The max value is:" << max << endl;
cout << "The min value is:" << min << endl;
}
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
double arr[] = { 11.1, 22.2, 33.3, 44.4 };
Sales s1(arr, QUARTERS);
Sales s2;
cout << endl;
cout << "Now show all the sales:" << endl;
s1.ShowSales();
s2.ShowSales();
return 0;
}
5.考虑下面的结构声明:
struct customer
{
char fullname[35];
double payment;
};
编写一个程序,它从栈中添加和删除customer结构(栈用Stack类声明表示)。每次customer结构被删除时,其payment的值都被加入到总数中,并报告总数。注意:应该可以直接使用Stack类而不作修改:只需修改typedef声明,使Item的类型为customer,而不是unsigned long即可。
实现:
stacker.h
struct customer
{
char fullname[35];
double payment;
};
typedef customer Item;
class Stack
{
private:
enum {MAX = 10};
Item items[MAX];
int top;
public:
Stack();
bool isempty() const;
bool isfull() const;
bool push(const Item& item);
bool pop(Item& item);
};
stacker.cpp
Stack::Stack()
{
top = 0;
}
bool Stack::isempty() const
{
return top == 0;
}
bool Stack::isfull() const
{
return top == MAX;
}
bool Stack::push(const Item& item)
{
if (top < MAX)
{
items[top++] = item;
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool Stack::pop(Item& item)
{
if (top > 0)
{
item = items[--top];
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
char ch;
customer cust;
Stack st;
double sum = 0.0;
cout << "Please enter A to push to stack, \n"
<< "P to pop from stack, Q to quit.\n";
while (cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
{
while (cin.get() != '\n')
{
continue;
}
switch (ch)
{
case 'A':
case 'a':
cout << "Enter the customer fullname you want to push to stack" << endl;
cin.getline(cust.fullname, 35);
cout << "Enter the customer payment you want to push to stack" << endl;
cin >> cust.payment;
if (st.isfull())
{
cout << "stack already full" << endl;
}
else
{
st.push(cust);
}
break;
case'P':
case'p':
if (st.isempty())
{
cout << "stack already empty" << endl;
}
else
{
st.pop(cust);
sum += cust.payment;
cout << cust.fullname << " is popped" << endl;
cout << cust.payment << " is popped" << endl;
cout << "The payment sum is " << sum << endl;
}
break;
}
cout << "Please enter A to add purchase order,\n"
<< "P to process a PO, or Q to quit.\n";
}
cout << "Bye!" << endl;
return 0;
}
6.下面是一个类声明
class Move
{
private:
double x;
double y;
public:
Move(double a = 0, double b = 0);
showmove() const;
Move add(const Move& m)const;
reset(double a = 0, double b = 0);
};
请提供成员函数的定义和测试这个类的程序。
实现:
move.h
class Move
{
private:
double x;
double y;
public:
Move(double a = 0, double b = 0);
void showmove() const;
Move add(const Move& m)const;
void reset(double a = 0, double b = 0);
};
move.cpp
Move::Move(double a, double b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}
void Move::showmove() const
{
cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;
}
Move Move::add(const Move& m) const
{
Move temp;
temp.x = x + m.x;
temp.y = y + m.y;
return temp;
}
void Move::reset(double a, double b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
double x, y;
Move m1(11.1, 22.2);
Move m2(1.0, 1.0);
Move m3;
m1.showmove();
cout << "Enter new x and y:";
cin >> x >> y;
cout << "Reset m1:" << endl;
m1.reset(x, y);
m1.showmove();
cout << "m2 is:" << endl;
m2.showmove();
m3 = m2.add(m1);
cout << "m3 is:" << endl;
m3.showmove();
return 0;
}
7.Betelgeuseam plorg有这些特征
数据:
plorg的名称不超过19个字符;
plorg有满意指数(CI),这是一个整数。
操作:
新的plorg将有名称,其CI值为50;
plorg的CI可以修改;
plorg可以报告其名称和CI;
plorg的默认名称为“Plorg”。
请编写一个plorg类声明(包含数据成员和成员函数原型)来表示plorg,并编写成员函数的定义。然后编写一个小程序,以演示plorg类的所有特性。
实现:
plorg.h
const int SIZE = 19;
class Plorg
{
private:
char name[SIZE];
int CI;
public:
Plorg(const char str[] = "Plorga", int ci = 50);
void reset(int ci);
void show() const;
};
plorg.cpp
Plorg::Plorg(const char str[], int ci)
{
strcpy(name, str);
CI = ci;
}
void Plorg::reset(int ci)
{
CI = ci;
}
void Plorg::show() const
{
cout << "The name is:" << name << ", The CI is:" << CI << endl;
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
Plorg p1;
p1.show();
p1.reset(90);
p1.show();
return 0;
}
8.可以将简单列表描述成下面这样:
可存储0或多个某种类型的列表;
可创建空列表;
可在列表中添加数据项;
可确定列表是否为空;
可确定列表是否为满;
可访问列表中的每一个数据项,并对它执行某种操作。
可以看到,这个列表确实很简单,例如,它不允许插入或删除数据项。
请设计一个List类来表示这种抽象类型。您应提供文件list.h和文件list.cpp,前者包含定义,后者包含类实现的方法。您应还创建一个简短的程序来使用这个类。
该列表的规范很简单,这主要旨在简化这个编程练习。可以选择使用数组或链表来实现该列表,但公有接口不应依赖于所做的选择。也就是说,公有接口不应有数组索引、节点指针等。应使用通用概念来表达创建列表、在列表中添加数据项等操作。对于访问数据项以及执行操作,通常应使用将函数指针作为参数的函数来处理:
void visit(void (*pf)(Item &));
其中,pf指向一个将Item引用作为参数的函数(不是成员函数),Item是列表中数据项的类型。visit()函数将该函数用于列表中的每个数据项。
实现:
list.h
#pragma once
typedef unsigned long Item;
void visit_item(Item& item);
class List
{
private:
enum { MAX = 10 };
Item items[MAX];
int top;
public:
List();
bool isempty() const;
bool isfull() const;
bool add(Item& item);
void visit(void (*pf)(Item&));
};
list.cpp
List::List()
{
top = 0;
}
bool List::isempty() const
{
return top == 0;
}
bool List::isfull() const
{
return top == MAX;
}
bool List::add(Item& item)
{
if (top < MAX)
{
items[top++] = item;
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
void List::visit(void(*pf)(Item&))
{
for (int i = 0; i < top; i++)
{
pf(items[i]);
}
}
void visit_item(Item& item)
{
cout << "item = " << item << endl;
}
main.cpp
int main(void)
{
List list;
Item num;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout << "Please enter a number:";
cin >> num;
list.add(num);
}
list.visit(visit_item);
return 0;
}