【Cherno的C++视频】How to deal with optional data in C++

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <optional>//c++17

// how to deal with data that may or may not be there.

std::optional<std::string> ReadFileAsString(const std::string& filePath)
{
	std::ifstream stream(filePath);
	if (stream)
	{
		std::string result;
		// read file.
		stream.close();
		return result;
	}
	return {};//return the optional.
}

int main(void)
{
	std::optional<std::string> data = ReadFileAsString("test/optionalTest.txt");
	// value_or():if the data from the optional is present will return to us that string, 
	// if not it will return "Not present" in this case.
	std::string value = data.value_or("Not present");
	std::cout << value << std::endl;
	if (data.has_value())//or if(data)
	{
		std::cout << "File read successfully!\n";
	}
	else
	{
		std::cout << "File could not be opened!\n";
	}

	std::cin.get();
}