线程之线程的实现方式

java线程一般有三种实现方式，分别是继承Thread类、实现Runnable接口和实现Callable<T>接口，三种方式根据其特性，适用的场景也不尽相同。

1、继承Thread类

继承Thread类，实现run方法，不可抛异常，并无返回值

public class MyThread extends Thread {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("当前执行线程：" + currentThread().getName());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread myThread = new MyThread();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(myThread, "t1");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(myThread, "t2");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(myThread, "t3");
        Thread thread4 = new Thread(myThread, "t4");

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
        thread4.start();
    }
}

2、实现Runnable()接口

实现Runnable接口，实现run方法，不可抛异常，并无返回值

public class MyThread2 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("当前执行线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread2 myThread = new MyThread2();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(myThread, "t1");
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(myThread, "t2");
        Thread thread3 = new Thread(myThread, "t3");
        Thread thread4 = new Thread(myThread, "t4");

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread3.start();
        thread4.start();
    }
}

3、实现Callable<T>接口

实现Callable<T>接口，接口中需要覆盖方法public <T> call()，可以抛异常，并有返回值

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        Task task = new Task();
        Future<Integer> submit = executor.submit(task);
        executor.shutdown();
        
                //第两种实现方法
//        Task task1 = new Task();
//        FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(task1);
//        Thread thread = new Thread(futureTask);
//        thread.start();

        if (submit.isDone()) {
            System.out.println("task任务已完成");
        } else {
            System.out.println("task任务未完成");
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("主线程在执行");

        try {
//            V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)：在设置的时间内，获取任务执行结果,若是直到时间截止依旧木有获取到，则会抛一个超时异常
//            System.out.println("task执行的结果：" + submit.get(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
            System.out.println("task执行的结果：" + submit.get());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("所有任务执行完毕");
    }

    static class Task implements Callable<Integer> {
        @Override
        public Integer call() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("进入子线程");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            int total = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                total += i;
            }
            return total;
        }
    }
}

Callable一般是配合ExecutorService来使用的，在ExecutorService接口中声明了若干个submit方法的重载版本：

<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
Future<?> submit(Runnable task)