模块

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python学习笔记 编程 python

模块

使用模块

• 我们以内建的sys模块为例，编写一个hello的模块：

1.# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2.' a test module '
3.__author__ = 'Michael Liao'
4.import sys
5.def test():
6.    args = sys.argv
7.    if len(args)==1:
8.            print('Hello, world!')
9.    elif len(args)==2:
10.        print('Hello, %s!' % args[1])
11.    else:
12.        print('Too many arguments!')
13.if __name__=='__main__':
14.    test()

• 第1行和第2行是标准注释，第1行注释可以让这个hello.py文件直接在Unix/Linux/Mac上运行，第2行注释表示.py文件本身使用标准UTF-8编码；第4行是一个字符串，表示模块的文档注释，任何模块代码的第一个字符串都被视为模块的文档注释；第6行使用__author__变量把作者写进去，这样当你公开源代码后别人就可以瞻仰你的大名；以上就是Python模块的标准文件模板，当然也可以全部删掉不写，但是，按标准办事肯定没错。

• 最后，注意到这两行代码：

1.if __name__=='__main__':
2.    test()

• 当我们在命令行运行hello模块文件时，Python解释器把一个特殊变量__name__置为__main__，而如果在其他地方导入该hello模块时，if判断将失败，因此，这种if测试可以让一个模块通过命令行运行时执行一些额外的代码，最常见的就是运行测试。
• 我们可以用命令行运行hello.py看看效果：

1.$ python3 hello.py<br/><span style="line-height: 1.6; display: none; color: #75715e;">2.</span>Hello, world!<br/><span style="line-height: 1.6; display: none; color: #75715e;">3.</span>$ python hello.py Michael
4.Hello, Michael!

• 作用域：_var代表私有变量

安装第三方模块

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