二叉树(binary tree)是指树中节点的度不大于2的有序树,它是一种最简单且最重要的树。二叉树的递归定义为:二叉树是一棵空树,或者是一棵由一个根节点和两棵互不相交的,分别称作根的左子树和右子树组成的非空树;左子树和右子树又同样都是二叉树
创建队列以及二叉树结点
typedef struct BTNode{
char element;
BTNode* left;
BTNode* right;
}
typedef struct BTNodePtrQueue{
BTNodePtr* nodePtrs;
int front;
int rear;
}
初始化’
QueuePtr initQueue(){
QueuePtr resultQueuePtr = (QueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct BTNodePtrQueue));
resultQueuePtr->nodePtrs = (BTNodePtr*)malloc(QUEUE_SIZE * sizeof(BTNodePtr));
resultQueuePtr->front = 0;
resultQueuePtr->rear = 1;
return resultQueuePtr;
}
判断是否为空
bool isQueueEmpty(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
if ((paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->rear) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
入队
oid enqueue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr, BTNodePtr paraBTNodePtr){
printf("front = %d, rear = %d.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->front, paraQueuePtr->rear);
if ((paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->front % QUEUE_SIZE) {
printf("Error, trying to enqueue %c. queue full.\r\n", paraBTNodePtr->element);
return;
}
paraQueuePtr->nodePtrs[paraQueuePtr->rear] = paraBTNodePtr;
paraQueuePtr->rear = (paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;
printf("enqueue %c ends.\r\n", paraBTNodePtr->element);
}
出队
BTNodePtr dequeue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
if (isQueueEmpty(paraQueuePtr)) {
printf("Error, empty queue\r\n");
return NULL;
}
paraQueuePtr->front = (paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;
printf("dequeue %c ends.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->nodePtrs[paraQueuePtr->front]->element);
return paraQueuePtr->nodePtrs[paraQueuePtr->front];
}
初始化
BTNodePtr constructBTNode(char paraChar){
BTNodePtr resultPtr = (BTNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(BTNode));
resultPtr->element = paraChar;
resultPtr->left = NULL;
resultPtr->right = NULL;
return resultPtr;
}
建立二叉树
BTNodePtr stringToBTree(char* paraString){
int i;
char ch;
QueuePtr tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
BTNodePtr resultHeader;
BTNodePtr tempParent, tempLeftChild, tempRightChild;
i = 0;
ch = paraString[i];
resultHeader = constructBTNode(ch);
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, resultHeader);
while(!isQueueEmpty(tempQueuePtr)) {
tempParent = dequeue(tempQueuePtr);
i ++;
ch = paraString[i];
if (ch == '#') {
tempParent->left = NULL;
} else {
tempLeftChild = constructBTNode(ch);
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, tempLeftChild);
tempParent->left = tempLeftChild;
}
i ++;
ch = paraString[i];
if (ch == '#') {
tempParent->right = NULL;
} else {
tempRightChild = constructBTNode(ch);
enqueue(tempQueuePtr, tempRightChild);
tempParent->right = tempRightChild;
}
}
return resultHeader;
}
前序遍历
void preorder(BTNodePtr tempPtr){
if (tempPtr == NULL){
return;
}
printf("%c", tempPtr->element);
preorder(tempPtr->left);
preorder(tempPtr->right);
}
中序遍历
void inorder(BTNodePtr tempPtr){
if (tempPtr == NULL) {
return;
}
inorder(tempPtr->left);
printf("%c", tempPtr->element);
inorder(tempPtr->right);
}
后序遍历
void postorder(BTNodePtr tempPtr){
if (tempPtr == NULL) {
return;
}//Of if
postorder(tempPtr->left);
postorder(tempPtr->right);
printf("%c", tempPtr->element);
}
主函数
int main(){
BTNodePtr tempHeader;
tempHeader = constructBTNode('c');
printf("There is only one node. Preorder visit: ");
preorder(tempHeader);
printf("\r\n");
char* tempString = "acde#bf######";
tempHeader = stringToBTree(tempString);
printf("Preorder: ");
preorder(tempHeader);
printf("\r\n");
printf("Inorder: ");
inorder(tempHeader);
printf("\r\n");
printf("Postorder: ");
postorder(tempHeader);
printf("\r\n");
printf("Levelwise: ");
levelwise(tempHeader);
printf("\r\n");
return 1;
}