Spring Cloud Alibaba Seata处理分布式事务
基于分布式的事务管理
前言
这篇博客我是不想发的,因为这里面的事务回滚功能,并没有完美实现,如果你看到这篇博客的话,就当做了解即可,以后有了解决方案的话,我再更新。
分布式事务
分布式之前,单机单库没有这个问题,从 1:1 -> 1:N -> N:N
跨数据库,多数据源的统一调度,就会遇到分布式事务问题
如下图,单体应用被拆分成微服务应用,原来的三个模板被拆分成三个独立的应用,分别使用三个独立的数据源,业务操作需要调用三个服务来完成。此时每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证,但是全局的数据一致性问题没法保证。
Seata简介
官方文档:点我传送
Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案,致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式,为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。
说说你对Seata的理解
Seata是由1+3的套件所组成
- Transaction ID XID:全局唯一的事务ID,只要在同一ID下,不管几个库,3个就是3个,10个就是10,说明它们是一个整体。
- 三组件的:
- Transaction Coordinator(TC):事务协调者,维护全局事务,驱动全局事务提交或者回滚
- Transaction Manager(TM):事务管理器,定义全局事务的范围,开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务
- Resource Manager(RM):资源管理器,管理分支事务处理的资源,与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态,并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。
处理过程
- TM(事务管理器)向TC(事务协调者)申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个XID(全局唯一的事务ID)
- XID(全局唯一的事务ID)在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播
- RM(资源管理器)向TC(事务协调者)注册分支事务,将其纳入XID(全局唯一的事务ID)对应全局事务的管辖
- TM(事务管理器)向TC(事务协调者)发起针对XID(全局唯一的事务ID)的全局提交或回滚决议
- TM(事务管理器)调度XID(全局唯一的事务ID)下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求
使用
Spring自带的是 @Transaction 控制本地事务
而 @GlobalTransaction控制的是全局事务
- 本地:@Transaction
- 全局:@GlobalTransaction
我们只需要在需要支持分布式事务的业务类上,使用该注解即可
Microervices:代表一个班里面的一个组,一个组里面有20个人
TC:授课老师
TM:班主任
1、班主任向授课老师发起申请,可否开课,开课成功后会创建一个班号。
2、班主任在群里面通知各个学生班号
3、所有同学通过这个班号找授课老师报道,授课老师把他们都加到班级里面
4、班主任让授课老师点名
5、点名完成之后,班主任告诉授课老师可以给同学们上课了
Seata安装配置
1.下载
地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/releases
下载 0.9版本完成后,修改conf目录下的file.conf配置文件
2.解压
3.修改file.conf
首先我们需要备份原始的file.conf文件,在conf目录下
主要修改,自定义事务组名称 + 事务日志存储模式为db + 数据库连接信息,也就是修改存储的数据库
修改service模块
修改服务模块中的分组
修改store模块
4.创建seata数据库
CREATE DATABASE `seata` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
在seata数据库中建表,建表语句在 seata/conf目录下的 db_store.sql
5.修改registry.conf
目的是:指明注册中心为nacos,及修改nacos连接信息
然后启动nacos 和 seata-server
6.启动
先启动nacos,再启动seata:seata\bin\seata-server.bat
订单/库存/账户业务微服务准备
以下演示都需要先启动Nacos,然后启动Seata,保证两个都OK
分布式事务的业务说明
这里我们会创建三个微服务,一个订单服务,一个库存服务,一个账户服务。
- 当用户下单时,会在订单服务中创建一个订单,然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,
- 再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的金额,
- 最后在订单服务修改订单状态为已完成
该操作跨越了三个数据库,有两次远程调用,很明显会有分布式事务的问题。
一句话:下订单 -> 扣库存 -> 减账户(余额)
创建数据库
- seata_order:存储订单的数据库
- seata_storage:存储库存的数据库
- seata_account:存储账户信息的数据库
建库SQL
create database seata_order DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
create database seata_storage DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
create database seata_account DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
建立业务表
-- seata_order库下建立t_order表
use seata_order;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`product_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`count` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`money` decimal(11, 0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
`status` int(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态: 0:创建中 1:已完结',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '订单表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- seata_storage库下建t_storage表
use seata_storage;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_storage`;
CREATE TABLE `t_storage` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`total` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
`used` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
`residue` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '库存' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `t_storage` VALUES (1, 1, 100, 0, 100);
-- seata_account库下建t_account表
use seata_account;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_account`;
CREATE TABLE `t_account` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL COMMENT 'id',
`user_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`total` decimal(10, 0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
`used` decimal(10, 0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用余额',
`residue` decimal(10, 0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余可用额度',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '账户表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `t_account` VALUES (1, 1, 1000, 0, 1000);
创建回滚日志表
订单 - 库存 - 账户 3个库下都需要建各自的回滚日志表,SQL文件位置:seata\conf\db_undo_log.sql
-- the table to store seata xid data
-- 0.7.0+ add context
-- you must to init this sql for you business databese. the seata server not need it.
-- 此脚本必须初始化在你当前的业务数据库中,用于AT 模式XID记录。与server端无关(注:业务数据库)
-- 注意此处0.3.0+ 增加唯一索引 ux_undo_log
-- 分别打开下面的use注释,即可快速建表
--use seata_order;
--use seata_storage;
--use seata_account;
drop table if exists `undo_log`;
CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
`context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
`rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
`log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
`log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
`log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
`ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
订单/库存/账户业务微服务准备
业务需求
下订单 -> 减库存 -> 扣余额 -> 改(订单)状态
新建seata-service-module2001
约定
entity,domain:相当于实体类层
vo:view object,value object
dto:前台传到后台的数据传输类
引入POM
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--openfeign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--boot: web actuator-->
<!--通用配置,不引入热部署-->
<!--数据库配置-->
修改yml
server:
port: 2001
spring:
application:
name: seata-order-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
#自定义事务组名称需要与seata-server中的对应
tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_order
username: root
password: 123456
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
增加file.conf
在resources目录下,创建file.conf
文件
transport {
# tcp udt unix-domain-socket
type = "TCP"
#NIO NATIVE
server = "NIO"
#enable heartbeat
heartbeat = true
#thread factory for netty
thread-factory {
boss-thread-prefix = "NettyBoss"
worker-thread-prefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
server-executor-thread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
share-boss-worker = false
client-selector-thread-prefix = "NettyClientSelector"
client-selector-thread-size = 1
client-worker-thread-prefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
# netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
boss-thread-size = 1
#auto default pin or 8
worker-thread-size = 8
}
shutdown {
# when destroy server, wait seconds
wait = 3
}
serialization = "seata"
compressor = "none"
}
service {
vgroup_mapping.fsp_tx_group = "default" #修改自定义事务组名称
default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
enableDegrade = false
disable = false
max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
disableGlobalTransaction = false
}
client {
async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
lock {
retry.internal = 10
retry.times = 30
}
report.retry.count = 5
tm.commit.retry.count = 1
tm.rollback.retry.count = 1
}
## transaction log store
store {
## store mode: file、db
mode = "db"
## file store
file {
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
max-branch-session-size = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
max-global-session-size = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
file-write-buffer-cache-size = 16384
# when recover batch read size
session.reload.read_size = 100
# async, sync
flush-disk-mode = async
}
## database store
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
datasource = "dbcp"
## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
db-type = "mysql"
driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "123456"
min-conn = 1
max-conn = 3
global.table = "global_table"
branch.table = "branch_table"
lock-table = "lock_table"
query-limit = 100
}
}
lock {
## the lock store mode: local、remote
mode = "remote"
local {
## store locks in user's database
}
remote {
## store locks in the seata's server
}
}
recovery {
#schedule committing retry period in milliseconds
committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule asyn committing retry period in milliseconds
asyn-committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule rollbacking retry period in milliseconds
rollbacking-retry-period = 1000
#schedule timeout retry period in milliseconds
timeout-retry-period = 1000
}
transaction {
undo.data.validation = true
undo.log.serialization = "jackson"
undo.log.save.days = 7
#schedule delete expired undo_log in milliseconds
undo.log.delete.period = 86400000
undo.log.table = "undo_log"
}
## metrics settings
metrics {
enabled = false
registry-type = "compact"
# multi exporters use comma divided
exporter-list = "prometheus"
exporter-prometheus-port = 9898
}
support {
## spring
spring {
# auto proxy the DataSource bean
datasource.autoproxy = false
}
}
registry.conf
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
application = "default"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = "0"
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
type = "file"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
}
consul {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
apollo {
app.id = "seata-server"
apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
}
zk {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
domain
Order.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Order {
private Long id;
private Long userId;
private Long productId;
private Integer count;
private BigDecimal money;
private Integer status; // 订单状态:0:创建中,1:已完结
}
CommonResult.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) {
this(code,message,null);
}
}
Dao接口及实现
OrderDao.java
@Mapper
public interface OrderDao {
void create(Order order);
void update(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("status") Integer status);
}
OrderMapper.xml
,在Resources
文件夹下创建mapper
文件夹,放到mapper
文件夹下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.dao.OrderDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Order">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="count" property="count" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="money" property="money" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="status" property="status" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
</resultMap>
<insert id="create">
insert into t_order (id, user_id,product_id,count,money,status)
values(null, #{userId},#{productId},#{count},#{money},0);
</insert>
<update id="update">
update t_order set status = 1
where user_id = #{userId} and status = #{status}
</update>
</mapper>
Service实现类
OrderService.java
,这里的OrderService就是个空壳,具体操作由它的实现类实现。
public interface OrderService {
void create(Order order);
}
StorageService.java
@FeignClient(value = "seata-storage-service")
public interface StorageService {
@PostMapping("/storage/decrease")
CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}
AccountService.java
@FeignClient(value = "seata-account-service")
public interface AccountService {
@PostMapping("/account/decrease")
CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
}
OrderServiceImpl.java
实现类
/**
* 下订单->减库存->减余额->改状态
*/
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Resource
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Resource
private StorageService storageService;
@Resource
private AccountService accountService;
@Override
public void create(Order order) {
log.info("----->开始新建订单");
orderDao.create(order);
log.info("----->订单微服务开始调用库存,扣减Count");
storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
log.info("----->库存扣减结束");
log.info("----->订单微服务开始调用账户,扣减Money");
accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
log.info("----->账户扣减结束");
// 修改订单状态,从0到1,1代表已经完成
log.info("开始修改订单状态");
orderDao.update(order.getUserId(), 0);
log.info("修改订单状态结束");
log.info("下订单完成");
}
}
controller
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Resource
private OrderService orderService;
@GetMapping("/order/create")
public CommonResult create(Order order){
orderService.create(order);
return new CommonResult(200, "订单创建成功");
}
}
Config配置
MyBatisConfig.java
@Configuration
@MapperScan({"com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.dao"})
public class MyBatisConfig {
}
DataSourceProxyConfig.java
这里是使用Seata对数据源进行代理
package com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
* 使用Seata对数据源进行代理
*/
@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
@Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
private String mapperLocations;
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource(){
return new DruidDataSource();
}
@Bean
public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
启动类
SeataOrderMainApp2001.java
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class) // 取消数据源的自动创建
public class SeataOrderMainApp2001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderMainApp2001.class,args);
}
}
新建seata-storage-service2002
yml
domain
Storage.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Storage {
private Long id;
private Long productId;
private Integer total;
private Integer used;
private Integer residue;
}
CommonResult.java
同2001
Dao接口及实现
StorageDao.java
@Mapper
public interface StorageDao {
void decrease(@Param("productId") Long productId, @Param("count") Integer count);
}
StorageMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.dao.StorageDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultmap" type="com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Storage">
<id property="id" column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"></id>
<result property="productId" column="product_id" jdbcType="BIGINT"></result>
<result property="total" column="total" jdbcType="INTEGER"></result>
<result property="used" column="used" jdbcType="INTEGER"></result>
<result property="residue" column="residue" jdbcType="INTEGER"></result>
</resultMap>
<update id="decrease">
update
t_storage
set
used = used + #{count}, residue = residue - #{count}
where
product_id = #{productId}
</update>
</mapper>
Service实现类
StorageService.java
public interface StorageService {
void decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}
StorageServiceImpl.java
实现类
@Service
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StorageServiceImpl.class);
@Resource
private StorageDao storageDao;
@Override
public void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {
LOGGER.info("------storage-service开始扣减库存");
storageDao.decrease(productId,count);
LOGGER.info("------storage-service扣减库存结束");
}
}
controller
@RestController
public class StorageController {
@Resource
private StorageService storageService;
@RequestMapping("/storage/decrease")
public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId,@RequestParam("count") Integer count){
storageService.decrease(productId,count);
return new CommonResult(200, "扣减库存成功");
}
}
启动类
同2001
新建seata-account-service2003
yml
domain
Account.java
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Account {
private Long id;
private Long userId;
private BigDecimal total;
private BigDecimal used;
private BigDecimal residue;
}
CommonResult.java
同2001
Dao
AccountDao.java
@Mapper
public interface AccountDao {
void decrease(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("money") BigDecimal money);
}
AccountMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.dao.AccountDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.indi.springcloud.alibaba.domain.Account">
<id property="id" column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result property="userId" column="user_id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result property="total" column="total" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result property="used" column="used" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result property="residue" column="residue" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
</resultMap>
<update id="decrease">
update
t_account
set
used = used + #{money} , residue = residue + #{money}
where
user_id = #{userId}
</update>
</mapper>
Service
AccountService.java
public interface AccountService {
void decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
}
AccountServiceImpl.java
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountServiceImpl.class);
@Resource
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
LOGGER.info("------account-service开始扣减余额");
accountDao.decrease(userId, money);
LOGGER.info("------account-service扣减余额结束");
}
}`
Controller
AccountController.java
@RestController
public class AccountController {
@Resource
private AccountService accountService;
@RequestMapping("/account/decrease")
public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money){
accountService.decrease(userId,money);
return new CommonResult(200,"扣减余额成功");
}
}
启动类
同2001
测试
数据库初始情况
正常下单
访问
http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100
超时异常,没加@GlobalTransaction
我们在2003模块,添加睡眠时间20秒,openFeign默认时间是1秒,所以肯定会报超时异常
故障情况
订单创建了,库存扣了,余额也扣了,当库存和账户金额扣减后,订单状态并没有从0改成1设置成已经完成
而且由于Feign的重试机制,账户余额还有可能被多次扣除
超时异常,添加@GlobalTransaction
修改2001模块的OrderServiceImpl.java
@GlobalTransactional(name = "fsp-create-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
name
随便起,只要不与其他配置冲突就可以
rollbackFor
表示,什么什么错误就会回滚
添加这个后,依然报错,但是下单后的数据库并没有改变那是理想状态,事实上只有order数据库没改变,storage跟account都改变了,这个问题没有得到解决,如果你有办法的话,欢迎在下面评论,不胜感激!
一部分补充
Seata
2019年1月份,蚂蚁金服和阿里巴巴共同开源的分布式事务解决方案
Seata:Simple Extensible Autonomous Transaction Architecture,简单可扩展自治事务框架
2020起始,参加工作以后用1.0以后的版本。
再看TC/TM/RM三大组件
什么是TC,TM,RM
TC:seata服务器
TM:带有@GlobalTransaction注解的方法
RM:数据库,也就是事务参与方
分布式事务的执行流程
- TM开启分布式事务(TM向TC注册全局事务记录),相当于注解
@GlobelTransaction
注解 - 按业务场景,编排数据库,服务等事务内部资源(RM向TC汇报资源准备状态)
- TM结束分布式事务,事务一阶段结束(TM通知TC提交、回滚分布式事务)
- TC汇总事务信息,决定分布式事务是提交还是回滚
- TC通知所有RM提交、回滚资源,事务二阶段结束
AT模式如何做到对业务的无侵入
默认AT模式,阿里云GTS
AT模式
前提
- 基于支持本地ACID事务的关系型数据库
- Java应用,通过JDBC访问数据库
整体机制
两阶段提交协议的演变
- 一阶段:业务数据和回滚日志记录在同一个本地事务中提交,释放本地锁和连接资源
- 二阶段
- 提交异步化,非常快速的完成
- 回滚通过一阶段的回滚日志进行反向补偿
一阶段加载
在一阶段,Seata会拦截 业务SQL
- 解析SQL语义,找到业务SQL,要更新的业务数据,在业务数据被更新前,将其保存成
before image(前置镜像)
- 执行业务SQL更新业务数据,在业务数据更新之后
- 将其保存成 after image,最后生成行锁
以上操作全部在一个数据库事务内完成,这样保证了一阶段操作的原子性
二阶段提交
二阶段如果顺利提交的话,因为业务SQL在一阶段已经提交至数据库,所以Seata框架只需将一阶段保存的快照和行锁删除掉,完成数据清理即可
二阶段回滚
二阶段如果回滚的话,Seata就需要回滚到一阶段已经执行的 业务SQL,还原业务数据
回滚方式便是用 before image 还原业务数据,但是在还原前要首先校验脏写,对比数据库当前业务数据 和after image,如果两份数据完全一致,没有脏写,可以还原业务数据,如果不一致说明有脏读,出现脏读就需要转人工处理