struts教程笔记1

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-05 20:41:44 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-05 20:41:44 发布

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第一讲

struts基本概念

1.struts是一个框架frame
2.struts是一个web框架
3.struts是一个开源的框架

why struts？

mvc是一种模式
model view control

struts是基于mvc的web框架
mvc只告诉你怎么做，但还是有很大的区别
把数据的输入jsp、数据的处理控制器调用model，再输出到jsp

sun公司提供了基于mvc的web框架，
程序开发更加规范了，
程序开发的效率跟高了
程序的可读性提高了
程序的可维护性提高了

缺点是
form有点鸡肋
action是单态的（对网站的并发性有影响），
单态是指在整个程序的运行过程中始终是一个对象
框架提高了程序的规范，但也约束了程序员的自由。

struts-config.xml未必一定要放在WEB-INF,同时也要更改web.xml中的配置

在一个项目中可以有多个struts-config.xml配置文件

struts的运行原理
，以用户登录验证来讲解。
在这里插入图片描述

struts快速入门案例

，以用户登陆验证为例，使用手动配置的方式配置

开发步骤
需要struts开发包，建立一个web工程,引入包…写login.jsp
写ActonForm，必须继承actionForm，写Action，写struts-

config.xml
配置web.xml文件，写ok.jsp,写err.jsp

增加功能，在登陆成功后的页面显示用户名，
使用filter解决中文乱码问题

增加到数据库中验证用户是否合法的功能
在mysql中创建一个用户表
创建domain对象

手动开发struts 登录系统源码
在这里插入图片描述

web.xml

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
  	<jsp:include page="/WEB-INF/login.jsp"></jsp:include>
  </body>
</html>

struts-config.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="userForm" type="com.xing.form.UserForm"/>
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<!-- scope="request" 相当于 request=request.setAttribute("userForm",userForm) -->
<!-- scope="session" 相当于 session=request.getSession().setAttribute("userForm",userForm) -->
<!-- scope 默认是session -->
<action path="/login" name="userForm" scope="request" type="com.xing.action.LoginAction">
<forward name="ok" path="/WEB-INF/ok.jsp"/>
<forward name="err" path="/WEB-INF/err.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
  	<jsp:include page="/WEB-INF/login.jsp"></jsp:include>
  </body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title>
    
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <form action="/strutslogin/login.do" method="post">
    u:<input type="text" name="username"><br/>
    p:<input type="password" name="password"><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="login">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

ok.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*,com.xing.form.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'ok.jsp' starting page</title>
    
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <h1>WELCOME <%=((UserForm)request.getAttribute("userForm")).getUsername() %></h1><br>
    <a href="/strutslogin/">返回重新登录</a>
  </body>
</html>

err.jsp


<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'err.jsp' starting page</title>
    
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    This is my JSP page. <br>
  </body>
</html>

Users.java

package com.xing.domain;

public class Users {
	private int user_id;
	private String user_pwd;
	private String user_name;
	private String user_email;
	public String getUser_email() {
		return user_email;
	}
	public void setUser_email(String user_email) {
		this.user_email = user_email;
	}
	public int getUser_id() {
		return user_id;
	}
	public void setUser_id(int user_id) {
		this.user_id = user_id;
	}
	public String getUser_name() {
		return user_name;
	}
	public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
		this.user_name = user_name;
	}
	public String getUser_pwd() {
		return user_pwd;
	}
	public void setUser_pwd(String user_pwd) {
		this.user_pwd = user_pwd;
	}
}

UserForm.java


/*
 * this is a actionForm used to fill data
 */
package com.xing.form;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

public class UserForm extends ActionForm {
	//定义属性，按照jsp控件名称定义，这是规范,应保证set和get方法和属性名称存在关联
	private String username;
	private String password;
	
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
}

SqlHelper.java

/*
 * 对数据库操作的类
 * 对数据库的操作，就是crud
 * 调用存储过程
 * 
 *注意：如果连接数据库时出现如下异常则表示未引入三个JAR驱动包，另外一个原因就是SQL语句有语法错误
 *java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDviver
 * */
package com.xing.util;
import java.util.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class SqlHelper {
	//定义需要的对象
	Connection ct=null;
	PreparedStatement ps=null;
	ResultSet rs=null;
	
	String driver="com.microsoft.jdbc.sqlserver.SQLServerDriver";
	String url="jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;databaseName=testdb";
	String user="sa";
	String passwd="tingwei";
	
	//构造函数，初始化ct
	public SqlHelper()
	{
		try {
			//加载驱动
			Class.forName(driver);
			//得到连接
			ct=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,passwd);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	//[]paras，通过?赋值方式可以防止漏洞注入方式，保证安全性
	public ArrayList query(String sql,String []paras)
	{
		try {
			ps=ct.prepareStatement(sql);
			//对sql的参数赋值
			for(int i=0;i<paras.length;i++)
			{
				ps.setString(i+1, paras[i]);
			}
			//执行查询
			rs=ps.executeQuery();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			// TODO: handle exception
		}
		//返回结果集
		ArrayList<ResultSet> al=new ArrayList<ResultSet>();
		al.add(rs);
		System.out.println(al.size()+" sdsfdsfs ");
		return al;
	}
	//关闭资源的方法
	public void close()
	{
		try {
			if(rs!=null) rs.close();
			if(ps!=null) ps.close();
			if(ct!=null) ct.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			// TODO: handle exception
		}
	}
}

UsersService.java

package com.xing.service;
import com.xing.domain.*;
import com.xing.util.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class UsersService {
	public boolean checkUser(Users user){
		String sql="select * from users where username=? and passwd=?";
		SqlHelper sqlHelper=new SqlHelper();
		String []paras={user.getUser_name(),user.getUser_pwd()};
		sqlHelper.query(sql, paras);
		ArrayList al=sqlHelper.query(sql, paras);
		if(al.size()==1){
			return true;
		}else return false;
	}
}

LoginAction.java

package com.xing.action;
import com.xing.form.*;
import com.xing.service.*;
import com.xing.domain.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

public class LoginAction extends Action {
	//重写方法，execute会被自动调用，类似Servlet/service
	@Override
	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, 
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//解决中文乱码问题
		//request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//把form强转为对应的UserForm对象
		UserForm userForm=(UserForm)form;
		System.out.println("用户名="+userForm.getUsername()+" 密码="+userForm.getPassword());
		//把名字存入request对象域
		//request.setAttribute("username", userForm.getUsername());
		
		/*简单验证
		if("123".equals(userForm.getPassword())){
			return mapping.findForward("ok");
		}else{
			return mapping.findForward("err");
		}
		*/
		
		//使用service来验证，不要在action连接数据库
		UsersService usersService=new UsersService();
		Users user=new Users();
		user.setUser_name(userForm.getUsername());
		user.setUser_pwd(userForm.getPassword());
		if(usersService.checkUser(user)){
			return mapping.findForward("ok");
		}else{
			return mapping.findForward("err");
		}
	}
	
}

Myfilter1.java

package com.xing.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class Myfilter1 extends HttpServlet implements Filter {

	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		arg0.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//设置接收编码
		arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);//必要
		arg1.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
	}

	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
	}

}

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struts教程笔记1

第一讲struts基本概念1.struts是一个框架frame2.struts是一个web框架3.struts是一个开源的框架why struts？mvc是一种模式model view controlstruts是基于mvc的web框架mvc只告诉你怎么做，但还是有很大的区别把数据的输入jsp、数据的处理控制器调用model，再输出到jspsun公司提供了基于mvc的web框...
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