软件工程 第一章 软件工程的基本概念

第一章 软件工程的基本概念

1.1软件微机与软件工程

1.计算机软件的发展
第一阶段1950s~1960s 小规模程序，自写自用

第二阶段1960s~1970s多用户系统、人机交互、实时系统，线性存储的发展产生了第一代数据库管理系统

第三阶段1970s~1980s分布式系统极大地提高了计算机系统的复杂性，网络的发展对软件的开发提出了更高的要求。硬件发展很快，软件跟不上，出现了软件微机

第四阶段 1980s末期开始，软件体系结构从集中式的主机模型转变为分布式的客户机/服务器模式或浏览器/服务器模式，专家系统和人工智能软件走向应用，完善的系统软件，丰富的系统开发工具和商品化的应用软件大量出现，以及通信技术和计算机网络的飞速发展，使计算机进入了一个大发展阶段.

2.computer sotfware definition and characteristics

Software is a part of computer system and interdependent with hardware, including code, data,and documentation. Code is a series of commend sequence which can complete specific function; Data is data structure operated by code normally. Documentation is the description for code design, development and mantaining.

To compare with industrial product, software have th follow characteristics:

(1)software is a logical product. Software is invisible，intangible, so it has invisibility. It is the result of brain and wisdom, appeared through code and document form, storaged in computer storage and disk, performance its function through computer execute.

(2) The production of software is mainly by research and development. The main cost of software is human of software developent. Once successfully develop a software, a large of softwares can be geneated through duplicate.

(3)Software can’t be ageing and abrasion.