5K字由浅入深聊聊Promise实现原理

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-14 14:51:09 发布

Web_boom

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-14 14:51:09 发布

阅读量309

点赞数

文章标签： javascript 前端 vue.js

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Android_boom/article/details/129441123

版权

概念

Promise 是异步编程的一种解决方案，比传统的解决方案——回调函数和事件——更合理和更强大。它由社区最早提出和实现，ES6 将其写进了语言标准，统一了用法，原生提供了Promise对象。

所谓Promise，简单说就是一个容器，里面保存着某个未来才会结束的事件（通常是一个异步操作）的结果。从语法上说，Promise 是一个对象，从它可以获取异步操作的消息。Promise 提供统一的 API，各种异步操作都可以用同样的方法进行处理。

Promise 拉出来单练

那我们先把Promise拉出来练练，看看是什么玩意，在控制台中打印看下

首先我们看出在new Promise时，需要传入一个回调函数
它是一个类，并且会返回一个Promise对象
那还可以看出它有constructor构造函数，还有catch、finally、then三个方法

那我们根据上述分析出的信息，简单实现一下

class CustomPromise {
  constructor(callBack) {}
  catch() {}
  then() {}
  finally() {}
}
const customPromise = new CustomPromise()
console.log(customPromis)

看下我们自己简单实现的输出结果

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log("hellow Promise");
});
console.log(promise);

那我们来看看打印结果，能分析出什么结果

hellow promise 在控制台被输出了，那是不是说我们传入的回调函数被立即执行了，那说明传入的是一个执行器

那再改进一下我们的CustomPromise

class CustomPromise {
  constructor(executor) {
      executor()}
  catch() { }
  then() { }
  finally() { }
}
const customPromise = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  console.log('hellow Promise')
})
console.log(customPromise)

Promise基本原理与基本特征

那我们来看看我们所熟知的Promise的基本原理

首先我们在调用Promise时，会返回一个Promise对象。
构建Promise对象时，需要传入一个executor函数，Promise的主要业务流程都在executor函数中执行。
如果运行在excutor函数中的业务执行成功了，会调用resolve函数；如果执行失败了，则调用reject函数。
Promise的状态不可逆，同时调用resolve函数和reject函数，默认会采取第一次调用的结果。

结合Promise/A+规范，我们还可以分析出哪些基本特征

Promise/A+的规范比较多，在这列出一下核心的规范

promise有三个状态：pending，fulfilled，rejected，默认状态是pending。
promise有一个value保存成功状态的值，有一个reason保存失败状态的值，可以是undefined/thenable/promise。
promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled，状态一旦确认，就不会再改变。
promise 必须有一个then方法，then接收两个参数，分别是promise成功的回调onFulfilled, 和promise失败的回调onRejected。
如果then中抛出了异常，那么就会把这个异常作为参数，传递给下一个then的失败的回调onRejected。

那CustomPromise，还实现不了基本原理的3，4两条，那我们来根据基本原理与Promise/A+分析下，还缺少什么

promise有三个状态：pending，fulfilled，rejected。
executor执行器调用reject与resolve两个方法
还需要有保存成功或失败两个值的变量
then接收两个参数，分别是成功的回调onFulfilled,失败的回调onRejected

那再来改进下CustomPromise

// 定义三个常量表示状态
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';

class CustomPromise {
  constructor(executor) {
    executor(this.resolve, this.reject);}
  // resolve和reject为什么要用箭头函数？
  // 如果直接调用的话，普通函数this指向的是window或者undefined
  // 用箭头函数就可以让this指向当前实例对象
  resolve = (value) => {
    this.value = value;};
  reject = (value) => {
    this.reason = value;};
  // 成功之后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失败之后的值
  reason = undefined;

  then(onFulfilled,onRejected) {}
  catch() {}
  finally() {}
}

那我们根据Promise基本原理看看它原生Promise的效果

new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
  resolve("成功");
  reject("失败");
}).then((value) => {
    console.log(value); // 结果为‘成功’},(err) => {
    console.log(err);}
);

new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
  reject("失败");
  resolve("成功");
}).then((value) => {
    console.log(value);},(err) => {
    console.log(err); // 结果为‘失败’}
);

可以看出与基本原理一样的效果，那我们分析下如何实现这种效果

需要控制promise状态
在then方法里要调用成功或失败的回调函数

const PENDING = "pending";
const FULFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";

class CustomPromise {
  constructor(executor) {
    executor(this.resolve, this.reject);}
  // resolve和reject为什么要用箭头函数？
  // 如果直接调用的话，普通函数this指向的是window或者undefined
  // 用箭头函数就可以让this指向当前实例对象
  resolve = (value) => {
    // promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled
    if (this.status == PENDING) {
      this.status = FULFILLED;
      this.value = value;
  }};
  reject = (err) => {
    // promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled
    if (this.status == PENDING) {
      this.status = REJECTED;
      this.reason = err;
  }};
  status = PENDING;
  // 成功之后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失败之后的值
  reason = undefined;

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    // 需要判断状态，根据状态选择处理回调函数
    if (this.status == FULFILLED) {
      onFulfilled(this.value);
  } else if (this.status == REJECTED) {
      onRejected(this.reason);
  }}
  catch() {}
  finally() {}
}

来测试下CustomPromise

new CustomPromise(function (resolve, reject) {
  resolve("成功");
  reject("失败");
}).then((value) => {
    console.log(value);// 结果为‘成功’},(err) => {
    console.log(err);}
);

new CustomPromise(function (resolve, reject) {
  reject("失败");
  resolve("成功");
}).then((value) => {
    console.log(value);},(err) => {
    console.log(err);// 结果为‘失败’}
);

Promise.then链式调用

我们都知到Primose.then是可以链式调用的，那我们先看看原生效果

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
promise.then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
     setTimeout(() => {
        resolve("hellow");
     },3000)
  });}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return "promise";}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res);});

输出结果

start
hellow
promise

那我们来分析实现一下

首先.then 是需要返回一个Promise
下一个.then 需要拿到上一个.then的返回值
有异步操作的话，后一个回调函数，会等待该Promise对象的状态发生变化，在被调用
有异步操作的话，那就是说有任务队列，需要有收集回调函数的队列

const PENDING = "pending";
const FULFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";

class CustomPromise {
  constructor(executor) {
    executor(this.resolve, this.reject);}
  // resolve和reject为什么要用箭头函数？
  // 如果直接调用的话，普通函数this指向的是window或者undefined
  // 用箭头函数就可以让this指向当前实例对象
  resolve = (value) => {
    // promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled
    if (this.status == PENDING) {
      this.status = FULFILLED;
      this.value = value;

      // resolve里面将所有成功的回调拿出来执行
      if (this.onResolvedCallbacks.length) {
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach((fn) => fn());
    }
  }};
  reject = (err) => {
    // promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled
    if (this.status == PENDING) {
      this.status = REJECTED;
      this.reason = err;
      // reject里面将所有失败的回调拿出来执行
      if (this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
        this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach((fn) => fn());
    }
  }};
  // 存储成功回调函数
  onResolvedCallbacks = [];
  // 存储失败回调函数
  onFulfilledCallbacks = [];

  status = PENDING;
  // 成功之后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失败之后的值
  reason = undefined;

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    // 如果不传，就使用默认函数,确保是函数类型
    onFulfilled =
      typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : (value) => value;
    onRejected =
      typeof onRejected === "function"
        ? onRejected
      : (reason) => {
            throw reason;
        };

    const thenCustomPromise = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      const resolveCustomPromise = (callBack, value) => {
        try {
          const x = callBack(value);
          // 如果相等了，说明return的是自己，抛出类型错误并返回
          if (resolveCustomPromise === x) {
            return reject(new TypeError("类型错误"));
        }
          // 判断x是不是 CustomPromise 实例对象
          if (x instanceof CustomPromise) {
            // 执行 x，调用 then 方法，目的是将其状态变为 fulfilled 或者 rejected
            // x.then(value => resolve(value), error => reject(reason))
            // 简化之后
            x.then(resolve, reject);
        } else {
            // 普通值
            resolve(x);
        }
      } catch (error) {
          reject(error);
      }
    };
      // 需要判断状态，根据状态选择处理回调函数
      if (this.status == FULFILLED) {
        resolveCustomPromise(onFulfilled, this.value);
    } else if (this.status == REJECTED) {
        resolveCustomPromise(onRejected, this.reason);
    } else if (this.status == PENDING) {
        // 当状态为pending时,把then回调push进resolve/reject执行队列,等待执行
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() =>
          resolveCustomPromise(onFulfilled, this.value)
      );
        this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() =>
          resolveCustomPromise(onRejected, this.reason)
      );
    }
  });
    return thenCustomPromise;}
  catch() {}
  finally() {}
}

来验证下.then的链式调用

const promise = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
promise.then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve("hellow");
    }, 1000);
  });}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return "promise";}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res);});
// 输出结果 start->hellow->promise

Promise.prototype.catch()

是 .then(null, rejection) 或是 .then(undefined, rejection)的别名，用于指定发生错误时的回调函数

看下原生promise效果

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
promise.then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      reject("hellow");
  });}).catch(err => {console.log(err); return 'promise'}).then(res => console.log(res))

输出结果

start
hellow
promise

根据上述原生catch我们来分析下结果

执行.then的onRejected回调函数
并且可以继续链式调用

catch(onFulfilled) {
   return this.then(null, onFulfilled)
}

那我们来验证下

const promise = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
promise.then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      reject("hellow");
  });}).catch((err) => {
    console.log(err);
    return "promise";}).then((res) => console.log(res));

// 输出结果
start
hellow
promise

Promise.resolve()

Promise.resolve(value)返回一个解析过的Promise对象，用法有一个value参数

如果参数是 Promise 实例，那么Promise.resolve将不做任何修改、原封不动地返回这个实例。* const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { resolve("start");});const resolvePromise = Promise.resolve(promise);resolvePromise.then((res) => console.log(res)); // start * 如果参数是具有then方法的对象Promise.resolve()方法会将这个对象转为 Promise 对象，然后就立即执行thenable对象的then()方法* let thenable = { then: function(resolve, reject) { resolve('promise');}};let p1 = Promise.resolve(thenable);p1.then(function (res) { console.log(res); // promise}); * 如果参数是一个原始值，或者是一个不具有then()方法的对象，则Promise.resolve()方法返回一个新的 Promise 对象，状态为resolved* const p1 = Promise.resolve('promise');p1.then(function (res) { console.log(res)});// promise * Promise.resolve()方法允许调用时不带参数，直接返回一个resolved状态的 Promise 对象* const p = Promise.resolve();p.then(function () { // ...}); >

来CustomPromise添加静态resolve方法

//静态的resolve方法
  static resolve(value) {
    if (value instanceof CustomPromise) return value;
    return new CustomPromise((resolve) => resolve(value));}

Promise.reject()

Promise.reject(reason) 返回一个Promise实例，并且携带reason

const promise = Promise.reject("rejected message")
// 相当于
// const promise2 = new Promsie((resolve, reject) => {
//   reject("rejected message")
// })

根据上述例子我们来分析下结果

可以看出无论reason传入什么内容，都是经过reject()方法，那是不是可以理解为就是捕获错误信息

来CustomPromise添加静态reject方法

//静态的reject方法
static reject(reason) {
   return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => reject(reason));
}

Promise.prototype.finally()

finally()不接收参数，并且在.then或.catch回调函数执行完以后，再执行finally中的方法

看下原生promise效果

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
promise.then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      resolve("hellow");
  });}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      resolve("promise");
  });}).finally(() => {
    console.log("finally");
    return "is finally";}).then((res) => console.log(res));

输出结果

start
hellow
finally
promise

根据上述原生finally我们来分析下结果

finally方法和then以及catch一样，都可以返回一个新的Promise
finally并不会影响之前返回的Promise对象
可以继续链式调用并且获取之前Promise的值

来CustomPromise添加静态finally方法

finally(callback) {
    return this.then(
    (value) => CustomPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => value),
    (reason) => CustomPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => reason)
  );
}

那我们来验证下

const promise = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
promise.then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      resolve("hellow");
  });}).then((res) => {
    console.log(res);
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      resolve("promise");
  });}).finally(() => {
    console.log("finally");
    return "is finally";}).then((res) => console.log(res));

// 输出结果
start
hellow
finally
promise

Promise.all()

Promise.all() 方法接收一个 promise 的 iterable 类型(Array，Map，Set 都属于 ES6 的 iterable 类型)并返回一个新的Promise实例

看下原生Promise.all()效果

let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
}).then((res) => res);
let p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("hellow");
}).then((res) => res);
let p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("promise");
}).then((res) => res);

Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then((res) => console.log("success:", res)).catch((err) => console.log("error:", err));
// 输出结果 success:['start', 'hellow', 'promise']

let p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
}).then((res) => res);
let p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了");
}).then((res) => res);
let p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了2");
}).then((res) => res);

Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then((res) => console.log("success:", res)).catch((err) => console.log("error:", err));
//输出结果 error:报错了

那我们来根据输出结果分析下

成功的时候返回的是一个结果数组
失败的时候则返回最先被reject失败状态的值

来CustomPromise添加静态all()方法

 //静态的all方法
  static all(values){
    let result = [];
    let index = 0;
    return new CustomPromise((resolve,reject) => {
      function addPromise(key, value) {
        result[key] = value
        index++
        if (index === values.length) {
          resolve(result)
      }
    }
      
      for(let i = 0; i < values.length; i++){
        let item = values[i];
        if(item instanceof CustomPromise){
          // 参数为Promise
          item.then(value => addPromise(i,value), error => reject(reason))
      }else{
          // 参数为普通值
          addPromise(i,item)
      }
    }
  })}

那我们来验证下

let p1 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
});
let p2 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("hellow");
});
let p3 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("promise");
});

CustomPromise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then((res) => console.log("success:", res)).catch((err) => console.log("error:", err));
// 输出结果 success:['start', 'hellow', 'promise']

let p1 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve("start");
}).then((res) => res);
let p2 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了");
}).then((res) => res);
let p3 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了2");
}).then((res) => res);

CustomPromise.all([p1, p2, p3]).then((res) => console.log("success:", res)).catch((err) => console.log("error:", err));
//输出结果 error:报错了

Promise.race()

Promise.race()方法返回一个 promise，一旦迭代器中的某个 promise 解决或拒绝，返回的 promise 就会解决或拒绝。

var p1 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 300, "start");
});
var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 100, "hellow");
});

const p = Promise.race([p1, p2]).then(function(value) {
  console.log(value); // "hellow"
});

来分析下那就是有一个实例先改变状态，p的状态就跟着改变

来CustomPromise添加静态race()方法

//静态race方法
  static race(values) {
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      for (const p of values) {
        p.then(resolve, reject);
    }
  });}

那我们来验证下

var p1 = new CustomPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 300, "start");
});
var p2 = new CustomPromise(function(resolve, reject) {
    setTimeout(resolve, 100, "hellow");
});

const p = CustomPromise.race([p1, p2]).then(function(value) {
  console.log(value); // "hellow"
});

Promise.allSettled()

Promise.allSettled() 方法不依赖于彼此成功完成的异步任务，不管每一个操作是成功还是失败，再进行下一步操作。

Promise.allSettled([
  Promise.resolve('start'),
  Promise.reject(new Error("error")),
  new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(() => resolve('hellow'), 0)),
  'promise',
]).then((values) => console.log(values));

// [
//   { status: 'fulfilled', value: start },
//   { status: 'rejected', reason: Error: error },
//   { status: 'fulfilled', value: hellow },
//   { status: 'fulfilled', value: promise }
// ]

来分析下结果

status一个字符串，要么是 "fulfilled"，要么是 "rejected"，表示 promise 的最终状态。
value当 status 为 "fulfilled"，在 promise 解决时才有 value
reason当 status 为 "rejected"，在 promsie 拒绝时才有 reason

来CustomPromise添加静态allSettled()方法

//静态allSettled方法
  static allSettled(values) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      let resolveDataList = [],
        resolveCount = 0;
      const addPromise = (status, value, i) => {
        resolveDataList[i] = {
          status,
          value,
      };
        resolveCount++;
        if (resolveCount === values.length) {
          resolve(resolveDataList);
      }
    };
      values.forEach((value, i) => {
        if (value instanceof CustomPromise) {
          value.then(
          (res) => {
              addPromise("fulfilled", res, i);
          },
          (err) => {
              addPromise("rejected", err, i);
          }
        );
      } else {
          addPromise("fulfilled", value, i);
      }
    });
  });}

来验证下

CustomPromise.allSettled([
  CustomPromise.resolve('start'),
  CustomPromise.reject(new Error("error")),
  new CustomPromise((resolve) => setTimeout(() => resolve('hellow'), 0)),
  'promise',
]).then((values) => console.log(values));

// [
//   { status: 'fulfilled', value: start },
//   { status: 'rejected', reason: Error: error },
//   { status: 'fulfilled', value: hellow },
//   { status: 'fulfilled', value: promise }
// ]

Promise.any()

Promise.any()接收一个由Promise所组成的可迭代对象，返回一个新的promise

const p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(resolve, 100, "start");
});

const p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了");
});

const p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(resolve, 500, "promise");
});

Promise.any([p1, p2, p3]).then((value) => {
  console.log(value);
  // start
})

const p1 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(reject, 100, "start");
});

const p2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了");
});

const p3 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(reject, 500, "promise");
});

Promise.any([p1, p2, p3]).then((value) => {
    console.log("value:", value);}).catch((err) => {
    console.log("err:", err); //err: AggregateError: All promises were rejected});

那我们来分析下

与all()不同，只要有一个 promise 成功，会返回首个成功的 promise 的值，方法提前结束
如果所有Promise都失败，则报错All promises were

来CustomPromise添加静态any()方法

//静态any方法
  static any(values) {
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      let rejectCount = 0;
      values.forEach((value) => {
        value.then(
        (val) => resolve(val),
        (err) => {
            rejectCount++;
            if (rejectCount === value.length) {
              reject("All promises were rejected");
          }
        }
      );
    });
  });}

我们来验证下

const p1 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(resolve, 100, "start");
});

const p2 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了");
});

const p3 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(resolve, 500, "promise");
});

CustomPromise.any([p1, p2, p3]).then((value) => {
    console.log("value:", value); //value: start}).catch((err) => {
    console.log("err:", err);});

const p1 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(reject, 100, "start");
});

const p2 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  reject("报错了");
});

const p3 = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(reject, 500, "promise");
});

CustomPromise.any([p1, p2, p3]).then((value) => {
    console.log("value:", value);}).catch((err) => {
    console.log("err:", err); //err: All promises were rejected});

完整代码

const PENDING = "pending";
const FULFILLED = "fulfilled";
const REJECTED = "rejected";

class CustomPromise {
  constructor(executor) {
    try {
      executor(this.resolve, this.reject);
  } catch (error) {
      // 如果有错误，就直接执行 reject
      this.reject(error);
  }}
  // resolve和reject为什么要用箭头函数？
  // 如果直接调用的话，普通函数this指向的是window或者undefined
  // 用箭头函数就可以让this指向当前实例对象
  resolve = (value) => {
    // promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled
    if (this.status == PENDING) {
      this.status = FULFILLED;
      this.value = value;

      // resolve里面将所有成功的回调拿出来执行
      if (this.onResolvedCallbacks.length) {
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach((fn) => fn());
    }
  }};
  reject = (err) => {
    // promise只能从pending到rejected, 或者从pending到fulfilled
    if (this.status == PENDING) {
      this.status = REJECTED;
      this.reason = err;
      // reject里面将所有失败的回调拿出来执行
      if (this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
        this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach((fn) => fn());
    }
  }};
  // 存储成功回调函数
  onResolvedCallbacks = [];
  // 存储失败回调函数
  onFulfilledCallbacks = [];

  status = PENDING;
  // 成功之后的值
  value = undefined;
  // 失败之后的值
  reason = undefined;

  then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
    // 如果不传，就使用默认函数,确保是函数类型
    onFulfilled =
      typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : (value) => value;
    onRejected =
      typeof onRejected === "function"
        ? onRejected
      : (reason) => {
            throw reason;
        };

    const thenCustomPromise = new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      const resolveCustomPromise = (callBack, value) => {
        try {
          const x = callBack(value);
          // 如果相等了，说明return的是自己，抛出类型错误并返回
          if (resolveCustomPromise === x) {
            return reject(new TypeError("类型错误"));
        }
          // 判断x是不是 CustomPromise 实例对象
          if (x instanceof CustomPromise) {
            // 执行 x，调用 then 方法，目的是将其状态变为 fulfilled 或者 rejected
            // x.then(value => resolve(value), error => reject(reason))
            // 简化之后
            x.then(resolve, reject);
        } else {
            // 普通值
            resolve(x);
        }
      } catch (error) {
          reject(error);
      }
    };
      // 需要判断状态，根据状态选择处理回调函数
      if (this.status == FULFILLED) {
        resolveCustomPromise(onFulfilled, this.value);
    } else if (this.status == REJECTED) {
        resolveCustomPromise(onRejected, this.reason);
    } else if (this.status == PENDING) {
        // 当状态为pending时,把then回调push进resolve/reject执行队列,等待执行
        this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() =>
          resolveCustomPromise(onFulfilled, this.value)
      );
        this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() =>
          resolveCustomPromise(onRejected, this.reason)
      );
    }
  });
    return thenCustomPromise;}
  catch(onFulfilled) {
    return this.then(null, onFulfilled);}
  finally(callback) {
    return this.then(
    (value) => CustomPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => value),
    (reason) => CustomPromise.resolve(callback()).then(() => reason)
  );}
  //静态的resolve方法
  static resolve(value) {
    if (value instanceof CustomPromise) return value;
    return new CustomPromise((resolve) => resolve(value));}
  //静态的reject方法
  static reject(reason) {
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => reject(reason));}
  //静态的all方法
  static all(values) {
    // 用来记录Promise成功的次数
    let resolveCount = 0,
      // 用来保存Promise成功的结果
      resolveDataList = [];
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      function addPromise(key, value) {
        resolveDataList[key] = value;
        resolveCount++;
        if (resolveCount === values.length) {
          resolve(resolveDataList);
      }
    }

      for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
        let item = values[i];
        if (item instanceof CustomPromise) {
          // 参数为Promise
          item.then(
          (value) => addPromise(i, value),
          (error) => reject(error)
        );
      } else {
          // 参数为普通值
          addPromise(i, item);
      }
    }
  });}
  //静态race方法
  static race(values) {
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      for (const p of values) {
        p.then(resolve, reject);
    }
  });}
  //静态allSettled方法
  static allSettled(values) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      let resolveDataList = [],
        resolveCount = 0;
      const addPromise = (status, value, i) => {
        resolveDataList[i] = {
          status,
          value,
      };
        resolveCount++;
        if (resolveCount === values.length) {
          resolve(resolveDataList);
      }
    };
      values.forEach((value, i) => {
        if (value instanceof CustomPromise) {
          value.then(
          (res) => {
              addPromise("fulfilled", res, i);
          },
          (err) => {
              addPromise("rejected", err, i);
          }
        );
      } else {
          addPromise("fulfilled", value, i);
      }
    });
  });}
  //静态any方法
  static any(values) {
    return new CustomPromise((resolve, reject) => {
      let rejectCount = 0;
      values.forEach((value) => {
        value.then(
        (val) => resolve(val),
        (err) => {
            rejectCount++;
            if (rejectCount === value.length) {
              reject("All promises were rejected");
          }
        }
      );
    });
  });}
}