R语言学习-基本图形-条形图

#1.条形图
#1.1水平or竖直条形图 ：向量绘图
library(vcd)
library(grid)

counts<- table(Arthritis$Improved)
str(counts)
> counts
  None   Some Marked 
    42     14     28

barplot(counts)#简单条形图

barplot(counts,horiz = T)#水平条形图 horiz = T

a<-c(1,2,3,5)

barplot(a)#向量绘图

plot(Arthritis$Improved) #绘图效果同 barplot(counts)  

#1.2堆砌条形图or分组条形图 ： 矩阵绘图


cells<-c(1,2,3,4)
rnames<-c("R1","R2")
cnames<-c("C1","C2")
m<-matrix(cells,nrow=2,ncol=2,dimnames = list(rnames,cnames))
> m
   C1 C2
R1  1  3
R2  2  4

barplot(m,col=c("blue","lightblue"),legend=rownames(m))#矩阵绘图

counts<- table(Arthritis$Improved,Arthritis$Treatment)
str(counts)
> counts
        
         Placebo Treated
  None        29      13
  Some         7       7
  Marked       7      21

barplot(counts,col=c("red","blue","green"),legend=rownames(counts))#堆砌条形图

barplot(counts,col=c("red","blue","green"),legend=rownames(counts),beside = T)#分组条形图：beside = T

#1.3均值条形图
state<-data.frame(state.region,state.x77)
means<-aggregate(state$Illiteracy,by=list(state.region ),mean)

means<-means[order(means$x),]

> means
        Group.1        x
3 North Central 0.700000
1     Northeast 1.000000
4          West 1.023077
2         South 1.737500

barplot(means$x,names.arg = means$Group.1)#names.arg展示标签

lines(means$x)#将各个条形用线段连接起来

title("TITLE")#标题

#1.4棘状图:对堆砌条形图进行了重缩放，使得每个条形的高度均为1，每一段的比例即为比例

counts<- table(Arthritis$Improved,Arthritis$Treatment)

str(counts)

> counts

        

         Placebo Treated

  None        29      13

  Some         7       7

  Marked       7      21

spine(counts)

#1.5条形图的微调
#cex.names减小字号，指定为小于1的值则缩小标签大小


par(mar=c(5,8,4,2))#增加Y边界的大小
par(las=1)#旋转条形的标签 las取值：1（普通情况）,2（横坐标旋转）,3 （横纵坐标均旋转）

counts<-table(Arthritis$Improved)

> counts
  None   Some Marked 
    42     14     28 

barplot(counts,cex.names = 0.4,#缩小字体的大小

        horiz=T,

        names.arg = c("No Impro","Some Impro","Marked Impro"))

las=1

las=2

las=3

las=1,cex.names = 0.4