OpenGL Study 5

 

 Lesson07

使用三种映射滤镜给立方体添加纹理：线性映射（LINEAR），NEAREST映射，MipMap映射；三者的效果渐增，处理速度递减。

添加通过键盘控制立方体的旋转速度，距离屏幕的距离和映射方法的选择。

在模型中添加光照：环境光（Ambient）和散射光（Diffuse），通过键盘来打开和关闭光照。

创建纹理：

// all setup for OpenGL goes here
bool  InitGL(GLvoid)
{
     if ( ! CreateTextures(_T( " Data/CrateSmall.bmp " )))
         return   false ;

    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
     // enable smooth shading
    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);
    
     // black background
    glClearColor( 0.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f , 0.5f );
    
     // setup the depth buffer
    glClearDepth( 1.0f );
     // enable depth testing
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
     // the type of depth test to do
    glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);

     // really nice perspective calculation
    glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);

     // Set up the lighting
     // set the amount of ambient light that light1 will give off
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_AMBIENT,LightAmbient);
     // set the amount of diffues light that light1 will give off
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_DIFFUSE,LightDiffuse);
     // set the position of the light
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_POSITION,LightPosition);
     // Enable the light but it does not start work until GL_LIGHTING is enabled
    glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);

     return   true ;
}

在创建纹理时，开始使用的图片是256×256大小的，运行时总是在glTexImage2D（）这个函数出出现越界访问错误，分析一下越界信息，发现程序要访问BMP.bmBits[256][256]处的值，这当然越界，可是为什么呢？无奈之下，把图片缩小为128×128的以后，程序就可以正常运行，晕！查看有关glTexImage2D（）的函数，纹理大小都只要no more than 256就可以，为什么，自己的程序就不能使用256的？一直没有搞懂，如果那位高手，知道希望多多指教，谢谢！

加载纹理：

bool  CreateTextures(LPTSTR szFileName)                     //  Creates Texture From A Bitmap File
{
    HBITMAP hBMP;                                                         //  Handle Of The Bitmap
    BITMAP    BMP;                                                         //  Bitmap Structure

    glGenTextures( 3 ,  & texture[ 0 ]);                                             //  Create The Texture
    hBMP = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(GetModuleHandle(NULL), szFileName, IMAGE_BITMAP,  0 ,  0 , LR_CREATEDIBSECTION  |  LR_LOADFROMFILE );

     if  ( ! hBMP)                                                             //  Does The Bitmap Exist?
         return   false ;                                                     //  If Not Return False

    GetObject(hBMP,  sizeof (BMP),  & BMP);                                     //  Get The Object
                                                                         //  hBMP:        Handle To Graphics Object
                                                                         //  sizeof(BMP): Size Of Buffer For Object Information
                                                                         //  &BMP:        Buffer For Object Information

    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,  4 );                                 //  Pixel Storage Mode (Word Alignment / 4 Bytes)

     //  Typical Texture Generation Using Data From The Bitmap
     // Create Nearest Filtered Texture
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[ 0 ]);                                 //  Bind To The Texture ID
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     //  Linear Min Filter
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     //  Linear Mag Filter
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,  0 ,  3 , BMP.bmWidth, BMP.bmHeight,  0 , GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, BMP.bmBits);

     // Create Linear Filtered Texture
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[ 1 ]);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0 , 3 ,BMP.bmWidth,BMP.bmHeight, 0 ,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,BMP.bmBits);

     // Create MipMapped Texture
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[ 2 ]);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
    gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3 ,BMP.bmWidth,BMP.bmHeight,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,BMP.bmBits);


    DeleteObject(hBMP);                                                     //  Delete The Object

     return   true ;                                                         //  Loading Was Successful
}

显示立方体：

// here we do all the drawings
bool  DrawGLScene(GLvoid)
{
     // clear the screen and the depth buffer
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT  |  GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
     // reset the current modelview matrix
    glLoadIdentity();

     // position and rotate the texture mapped cube
    glTranslatef( 0.0f , 0.0f ,z);
    glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f , 0.0f , 0.0f );
    glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f , 1.0f , 0.0f );

     // bind texture to the cube
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[filter]);
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
         //  Front Face
        glNormal3f(  0.0f ,  0.0f ,  1.0f );                     //  Normal Pointing Towards Viewer
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 1 (Front)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 2 (Front)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,   1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 3 (Front)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,   1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 4 (Front)
         //  Back Face
        glNormal3f(  0.0f ,  0.0f , - 1.0f );                     //  Normal Pointing Away From Viewer
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 1 (Back)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,   1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 2 (Back)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,   1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 3 (Back)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 4 (Back)
         //  Top Face
        glNormal3f(  0.0f ,  1.0f ,  0.0f );                     //  Normal Pointing Up
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,   1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 1 (Top)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,   1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 2 (Top)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,   1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 3 (Top)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,   1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 4 (Top)
         //  Bottom Face
        glNormal3f(  0.0f , - 1.0f ,  0.0f );                     //  Normal Pointing Down
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 1 (Bottom)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 2 (Bottom)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 3 (Bottom)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 4 (Bottom)
         //  Right face
        glNormal3f(  1.0f ,  0.0f ,  0.0f );                     //  Normal Pointing Right
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 1 (Right)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,   1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 2 (Right)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,   1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 3 (Right)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f(  1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 4 (Right)
         //  Left Face
        glNormal3f( - 1.0f ,  0.0f ,  0.0f );                     //  Normal Pointing Left
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 1 (Left)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  0.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,  - 1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 2 (Left)
        glTexCoord2f( 1.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,   1.0f ,   1.0f );     //  Point 3 (Left)
        glTexCoord2f( 0.0f ,  1.0f ); glVertex3f( - 1.0f ,   1.0f ,  - 1.0f );     //  Point 4 (Left)
    glEnd();

     // increase the rotation angle
    xrot += xspeed;
    yrot += yspeed;

     return   true ;
}

处理键盘响应：

/// /win32 functions
// the entry point of our windows application
int  APIENTRY _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     LPTSTR    lpCmdLine,
                      int        nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

      //  TODO: Place code here.
    MSG msg;
    HACCEL hAccelTable;
     bool  done = false ;
     bool  vkF1 = false ;

     if ( ! CreateGLWindow(_T( " Lesson01 " ), 640 , 480 , 16 ,fullscreen))
    {
         return   0 ;
    }

    hAccelTable  =  LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_LESSON01));
     while ( ! done)
    {
         if (PeekMessage( & msg,NULL, 0 , 0 ,PM_REMOVE))
        {
             if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
            {
                 if (vkF1)
                    vkF1 = false ;
                 else
                    done = true ;
            }
             else
            {
                TranslateMessage( & msg);
                DispatchMessage( & msg);
            }
        } else
        {
             if (active)
            {
                 if (keys[VK_ESCAPE])
                {
                    keys[VK_ESCAPE] = false ;
                    done = true ;
                } else
                {
                    DrawGLScene();
                    SwapBuffers(hDC);

                     // use lp to avoid when you hold key 'L' that light will change from on to off and off to on all the time during holding
                     if (keys[ ' L ' ] &&   ! lp)
                    {
                        lp = true ;
                        light =! light;
                         if ( ! light)
                        {
                            glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
                        } else
                        {
                            glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
                        }
                    }
                     if ( ! keys[ ' L ' ])
                    {
                        lp = false ;
                    }

                     // the same reason for fp
                     if (keys[ ' F ' ]  &&   ! fp)
                    {
                        fp = true ;
                        filter += 1 ;
                         if (filter > 2 )filter = 0 ;
                    }
                     if ( ! keys[ ' F ' ])
                    {
                        fp = false ;
                    }

                     // if 'Page Up' pressed,move into the screen
                     if (keys[VK_PRIOR])
                    {
                        z -= 0.02f ;
                    }

                     // if 'Page down' pressed ,move near the user
                     if (keys[VK_NEXT])
                    {
                        z += 0.02f ;
                    }

                     // checking the arrow keys
                     if (keys[VK_UP])
                        xspeed -= 0.01f ;
                     if (keys[VK_DOWN])
                        xspeed += 0.01f ;
                     if (keys[VK_RIGHT])
                        yspeed += 0.01f ;
                     if (keys[VK_LEFT])
                        yspeed -= 0.01f ;
                }
            }

             if (keys[VK_F1])
            {
                keys[VK_F1] = false ;
                vkF1 = true ;
                KillGLWindow();
                fullscreen =! fullscreen;
                 if ( ! CreateGLWindow(_T( " Textures,Lighting & Keyboard Tutorial " ), 640 , 480 , 16 ,fullscreen))
                {
                     return   0 ;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    KillGLWindow();
     return  (msg.wParam);
}

 

全部源码：Lesson07.rar