重复生成52个随机数，并映射为每张扑克牌

重复生成52个随机数，并映射为每张扑克牌

题目：编写函数，重复生成52个随机数，并映射为每张扑克牌。说明：重复生成的典型原则是按照花色（梅花、方块、红桃、黑桃）和大小（2～10、J、Q、K、A）顺序进行映射，例如梅花2小于梅花3，……，梅花A小于方块2，……，黑桃K小于黑桃A。需要注意的是，一旦生成某张牌后，即不允许再次生成它，如何解决此问题？

1 思路

Idea A

1. 先生成 [1, 52] 之间的随机数52个；
2. 找出 52 个随机数中的缺失部分和重复部分；
3. 将重复部分替换成缺失部分的元素；
4. 将更新后的不重复的 52 个随机数，进行发牌：
   
   • [2, ..., 10, J, Q, K, A] 为扑克牌大小顺序；
   • 花色大小：梅花 - C (club) < 方块 - D (Diamond) < 红桃 - H (Heart) < 黑桃 - S (Spade)；
   • 随机数范围：[1, 13] —— 梅花；
   • 随机数范围：[14, 26] —— 方块；
   • 随机数范围：[27, 39] —— 红桃；
   • 随机数范围：[40, 52] —— 黑桃。

Idea B

1. 先生成 [1, 52] 之间的随机数52个；
2. 每生成一个进行花色和重复检测；
3. 对重复的进行同位置或者（其他位置）替换；

code - Idea A 基础练习，无任何高级函数和算法

#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>        /* 调用time, 用srand()生成种子 */
#include <cstdlib>      /* rand() */

using namespace std;

void welcome();
void Randomize();
int getRandomNum( int low, int high );    /* 获取[low, high]区间内的随机数 */
void sortBubble(int a[], int n);          /* 利用冒泡排序，方便查找缺失值和重复值 */
void showPoker(int vaule, int color);      /* 显示函数 */

int main()
{
    int i, color, temp;
    int len = 0, l = 0, j = 0, k;
    int pokerVaule[52] = {0};
    int repeatVaul[52] = {0};
    int defectVaul[52] = {0};

    int sortPoker[52] = {0};
    /* 生成 52 个 [1, 52] 之间的随机数 */
    // cout << "||| 生成 52 个 [1, 52] 区间的随机数|||" << endl;
    for (i = 0; i < 52; i++)
    {
        pokerVaule[i] = getRandomNum(1, 52);
        sortPoker[i] = pokerVaule[i];
    }

    /* 排序 */
    sortBubble(sortPoker, 52);

    // Test
    // cout << "|||  对生成的52个随机数进行升序排序  |||" << endl;
    // for (i = 0; i < 52; i++)
    //  cout << sortPoker[i] << " ";
    // cout << endl;

    /* 找出重复的值 */
    for (i = 0; i < 50; i++)
    {
        if ( (sortPoker[i+1] == sortPoker[i]) && (sortPoker[i+1] != sortPoker[i+2]) ){
            repeatVaul[l] = sortPoker[i+1];
            l++;
        }
    }

    // cout << "||| 提取 52 个随机数中-重复生成的随机数 |||" << endl;
    // for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
    //  cout << repeatVaul[i] << " ";
    // cout << endl;

    /* 提取缺少的值 */
    if ( sortPoker[0] > 1){
        int flag = sortPoker[0] - 1;
        while (flag > j){
            defectVaul[j] = j + 1;
            j++;
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 51; i++)
    {
        int k = 1;
        if ( (sortPoker[i + 1] - sortPoker[i]) > 1 ){
            int flag = sortPoker[i + 1] - sortPoker[i];
            while (flag > k){
                defectVaul[j] = sortPoker[i] + k;
                k++;
                j++;
            }
        }
    }

    // cout << "||| 查找 52 个随机数在区间[1, 52]丢失的数 |||" << endl;
    // for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
    //  cout << defectVaul[i] << " ";
    // cout << endl;

    /* 查找重复的位置 */
    /* 替换后面重复的值为缺损的值 */
    for (i = 0; i < 52; i++)
    {
        if (repeatVaul[i] != 0)
            len++;
    }

    j = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        int num = 0;
        for (k = 0;  k < 52; k++)
        {
            if (repeatVaul[i] == pokerVaule[k]){
                // repeatLoca[m] = k;
                num++;
                // m++;
                if (num > 1){
                    pokerVaule[k] = defectVaul[j];
                    j++;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    welcome();

    for (i = 0; i < 52; i++)
    {
        cout << "  第 " << i+1 << " 次[发牌]" << "   ";
        temp = pokerVaule[i];
        if (temp <= 13 && temp >= 1 ){
            color = 1;
            showPoker(temp, color);
        }
        else if (temp <= 26 && temp >= 14){
            color = 2;
            temp -= 13;
            showPoker(temp, color);
        }
        else if (temp <= 39 && temp >= 27){
            color = 3;
            temp -= 26;
            showPoker(temp, color);
        }
        else{
            color = 4;
            temp -= 39;
            showPoker(temp, color);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}


void welcome()
{
    cout << "||||  [Poker] - Test Deal   ||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||------------------------||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||------  ^_^ ^_^  -------||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||   黑桃：S (Spade)      ||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||   红桃：H (Heart)      ||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||   方块：D (Diamond)    ||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||   梅花：C (Club)       ||||" << endl;
    cout << "||||------  ^_^ ^_^  -------||||" << endl;
}

void Randomize()
{
    srand( (int)time(0) );
}

int getRandomNum( int low, int high )
{
    double _d;
    if (low > high)
    {
        cout << "Generate Random number: Make sure low <= high.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    _d = (double)rand() / ( (double)RAND_MAX + 1.0 );

    return low + (int)( _d * (high - low + 1) );
}

void sortBubble(int a[], int n)
{
    int i, temp;
    int low = 0, high = n - 1;

    while (low < high)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < high; i++)
        {
            if (a[i] > a[i + 1])
            {
                temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[i + 1];
                a[i + 1] = temp;
            }
        }
        high--;
        for (i = high; i > low; i--)
        {
            if (a[i] < a[i - 1])
            {
                temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[i - 1];
                a[i - 1] = temp;
            }
        }
        low++;
    }
}

void showPoker(int vaule, int color)
{
    if (color == 1){
        cout << "Club   " << " ";
    }
    else if (color == 2){
        cout << "Diamond" << " ";
    }
    else if (color == 3){
        cout << "Heart  " << " ";
    }
    else{
        cout << "Spade  " << " ";
    }
    if (vaule == 11){
        cout << "J" << endl;
    }
    else if (vaule == 12){
        cout << "Q" << endl;
    }
    else if (vaule == 13){
        cout << "K" << endl;
    }
    else if (vaule == 1){
        cout << "A" << endl;
    }
    else{
        cout << vaule << endl;
    }
}