python网络编程学习笔记（一）

python网络编程学习笔记（一）

python网络编程基础，第四版
pycharm实现，python版本2.7.5

第一部分 底层网络

一、笔记

#coding=utf-8
第一章

import socket,sys
port=70
print (len(sys.argv))
for i in range(len(sys.argv)):
    print (sys.argv[i])
host=sys.argv[1]
filename=sys.argv[2]

s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print ("old s is:",s)
print (host)
s.connect((host,port))
print ("new s is:",s)

s.sendall(filename+"\r\n")

while 1:
    buf=s.recv(2048)
    if not len(buf):
        break
    sys.stdout.write(buf)

加入错误处理

import socket,sys
port=70
print (len(sys.argv))
for i in range(len(sys.argv)):
    print (sys.argv[i])
host=sys.argv[1]
filename=sys.argv[2]

s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print ("old s is:",s)
print (host)

try:
  s.connect((host, port))
except socket.gaierror,e:
    print ("ERROR connection to server:%s" %e)
    sys.exit(1)
s.sendall(filename+"\r\n")

while 1:
    buf=s.recv(2048)
    if not len(buf):
        break
    sys.stdout.write(buf)

文件接口类重写
import socket,sys
port=70
host=sys.argv[1]
filename=sys.argv[2]

s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((host,port))
fd=s.makefile('rw',0)
fd.write(filename+"\r\n")


for line in fd.readlines():
    sys.stdout.write(line)

基本服务器操作

import socket

host=''
port=80

s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1)
s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)

print "Server is running on port %d;press ctrl-c to\
    terminate."% port

while 1:
    clientsock,clientaddr=s.accept()
    clientfile=clientsock.makefile('rw',0)
    clientfile.write("welcome,"+str(clientaddr)+"/n")
    clientfile.write("Please enter a string:")
    line=clientfile.readline().strip()
    clientfile.write("You entered %d characters.\n"%len(line))
    clientfile.close()
    clientsock.close()

高级接口

import gopherlib,sys
host=sys.argv[1]
file=sys.argv[2]

f=gopherlib.send_selector(file,host)
for line in f.readlines():
    sys.stdout.write(line)

import urllib,sys
host=sys.argv[1]
file=sys.argv[2]

f=urllib.urlopen('gopher://%s%s'%(host,file))
for line in f.readlines():
    sys.stdout.write(line)

import urllib,sys
f=urllib.urlopen(sys.argv[1])
while 1:
    buf=f.read(2048)
    if not len(buf):
        break
    sys.stdout.write(buf)

第二章
使用udp

第三章 网络服务器

import socket
solist=[x for x in dir(socket) if x.startswith('SO')]
solist.sort()
for x in solist:
    print x

第四章 域名系统

import sys,socket

result=socket.getaddrinfo(sys.argv[1],None)
print result[0][4]

import sys,socket

result=socket.getaddrinfo(sys.argv[1],None)
counter=0
for item in result:
    print "%-2d:%s"%(counter,item[4])
    counter+=1

P70
import sys,socket
result=socket.getaddrinfo(sys.argv[1],None,0,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
counter=0
for item in result:
    print "%-2d:%s"%(counter,item[4])
    counter+=1

执行反向查询

import sys,socket

try:
    result=socket.gethostbyaddr(sys.argv[1])

    print "Primary hostname:"
    print " "+result[0]

    print "\nAddresses:"
    for item in result[2]:
        print " "+item

except socket.herror,e:
    print "Couldn't look up name:",e

正反向查询

import sys,socket
def getipaddrs(hostname):
     result=socket.getaddrinfo(hostname,None,0,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
     return [x[4][0] for x in result]
def gethostname(ipaddr):
    return socket.gethostbyaddr(ipaddr)[0]

try:
    hostname=gethostname(sys.argv[1])
    ipaddrs=getipaddrs(hostname)
except socket.herror,e:
    print "NO host names available for %s;it may be normal"%sys.argv[1]
    sys.exit(0)
except socket.gaierror,e:
    print "Got hostname %s,but it could not be forward-resolved:%s"%(hostname,str(e))
    sys.exit(1)

if not sys.argv[1] in ipaddrs:
    print "GOt hostnae %s,but no forward lookup,"% hostname
    print "original IP %s did not appear in IP address list"% sys.argv[1]
    sys.exit(1)

print "Validated hostname:",hostname

获得完整域名，gethostname()获得主机名，getfqdn()获得完整信息，getaddrinfo()获得该域名对性的IP地址。

import sys,socket

def getipaddrs(hostname):
    result=socket.getaddrinfo(hostname,None,0,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    return [x[4][0] for x in result]

hostname=socket.gethostname()
print "Host name:",hostname

print "Fully-qualified name:",socket.getfqdn(hostname)
try:
    print "IP addresses:",",".join(getipaddrs(hostname))
except socket.gaierror,e:
    print "Couldn't not get IP addresses:",e

import sys,DNS
query=sys.argv[1]
DNS.DiscoverNameServers()

reqobj=DNS.Request()

answerobj=reqobj.req(name=query,qtrpe=DNS.Type.ANY)
if not len(answerobj.answers):
    print "NOT found."
for item in answerobj.answers:
    print "%-5s %s"%(item['typename'],item['data'])

import sys,DNS

def hierquery(qstring,qtype):#给出主机名的相应服务器
    reqobj=DNS.Request()#建立查询对象实例
    try:
        answerobj=reqobj.req(name=qstring,qtype=qtype)
        answers=[x['data'] for x in answerobj.answers if x['type']==qtype]
    except DNS.Base.DNSError:
        answers=[]
    if len(answers):
        return answers
    else:
        remainder=qstring.split(".",1)
        if len(remainder)==1:
            return None
        else:
            return hierquery(remainder[1],qtype)


def findnameservers(hostname):#取得权威名称服务器列表
    return hierquery(hostname,DNS.Type.NS)

def getrecordsfromnameserver(qstring,qtype,nslist):#在服务器查询，直到找到答案或者查完该表
    for ns in nslist:
        reqobj=DNS.Request(server=ns)
        try:
            answers=reqobj.req(name=qstring,qtype=qtype).answers
            if len(answers):
                return answers
        except DNS.Base.DNSError:
            pass
        return []

def nslookup(qstring,qtype,verbose=1):
    nslist=findnameservers(qstring)
    if nslist==None:
        raise RuntimeError,"Could not find nameserver to use."
    if verbose:
        print "using nameserver:",",".join(nslist)
    return getrecordsfromnameserver(qstring,qtype,nslist)

if __name__=='__main__':
    query=sys.argv[1]
    DNS.DiscoverNameServers()

    answers=nslookup(query,DNS.Type.ANY)
    if not len(answers):
        print "not found."
    for item in answers:
        print "%-5s %s"%(item['typename'],item['data'])

第五章
超时的用法
echoserver.py

import socket,traceback

host = ''
port = 51432

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1)
s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)

while True:
    try:
        clientsock,clientaddr = s.accept()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        raise
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()
        continue

    try:
        print "Got connection from",clientsock.getpeername()
        while  True:
            data = clientsock.recv(4096)
            if not len(data):
                break
            clientsock.sendall(data)
    except (KeyboardInterrupt,SystemExit):
        raise
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()

    try:
        clientsock.close()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        raise
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()


import struct,sys

def htones(num):
    return struct.pack('!H',num)

def htonl(num):
    return struct.pack('!I',num)

def ntohs(data):
    return struct.unoack('!H',data)[0]

def ntohl(data):
    return struct.unpack('!I',data)[0]

def sendstring(data):
    return htonl(len(data))+data

print "Enter a string:"
str=sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()

print repr(sendstring(str))


import socket,sys

host,port = sys.argv[1:]

results = socket.getaddrinfo(host,port,0,socket.SOCK_STREAM)

for result in results:
    print "-"*60

    if result[0] == socket.AF_INET:
        print "Family: AF_INET"
    elif result[0] == socket.AF_INET6:
        print "Family: AF_INET6"
    else:
        print "Family:",result[0]

    if result[1] == socket.SOCK_STREAM:
        print "Socket Type: SOCK_STREAM"
    elif result[1] == socket.SOCK_DGRAM:
        print "Socket Type: SOCK_DGRAM"

    print "Protocol:",result[2]
    print "Canonical Name:",result[3]
    print "Socket Address:",result[4]

先找ipv4,再找ivp6
Connect Example with ipv6 Awareness ------------- ipv6connect.py

import socket,sys

def getaddrinfo_pref(host,port,socktype,familypreference=socket.AF_INET):#ipv4

    results = socket.getaddrinfo(host,port,0,socktype)

    for result in results:
        if result[0] == familypreference:
            return result
    return results[0]

host = sys.argv[1]
port = 'http'

c = getaddrinfo_pref(host,port,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
print "Connecting to",c[4]

s = socket.socket(c[0],c[1])
s.connect(c[4])
s.sendall("HEAD / HTTP/1.0\n\n")

while True:
    buf = s.recv(40