Hive分析窗口函数(五) GROUPING SETS,GROUPING__ID,CUBE,ROLLUP

GROUPING SETS,GROUPING__ID,CUBE,ROLLUP

这几个分析函数通常用于OLAP中,不能累加,而且需要根据不同维度上钻和下钻的指标统计,比如,分小时、天、月的UV数。

Hive版本为 apache-hive-0.13.1

数据准备:

 
 
  1. 2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie1
  2. 2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie5
  3. 2015-03,2015-03-12,cookie7
  4. 2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie3
  5. 2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie2
  6. 2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie4
  7. 2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie4
  8. 2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie2
  9. 2015-03,2015-03-10,cookie3
  10. 2015-04,2015-04-12,cookie5
  11. 2015-04,2015-04-13,cookie6
  12. 2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie3
  13. 2015-04,2015-04-15,cookie2
  14. 2015-04,2015-04-16,cookie1
  15.  
  16. CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE lxw1234 (
  17. month STRING,
  18. day STRING,
  19. cookieid STRING
  20. ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
  21. FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
  22. stored as textfile location '/tmp/lxw11/';
  23.  
  24.  
  25. hive> select * from lxw1234;
  26. OK
  27. 2015-03 2015-03-10 cookie1
  28. 2015-03 2015-03-10 cookie5
  29. 2015-03 2015-03-12 cookie7
  30. 2015-04 2015-04-12 cookie3
  31. 2015-04 2015-04-13 cookie2
  32. 2015-04 2015-04-13 cookie4
  33. 2015-04 2015-04-16 cookie4
  34. 2015-03 2015-03-10 cookie2
  35. 2015-03 2015-03-10 cookie3
  36. 2015-04 2015-04-12 cookie5
  37. 2015-04 2015-04-13 cookie6
  38. 2015-04 2015-04-15 cookie3
  39. 2015-04 2015-04-15 cookie2
  40. 2015-04 2015-04-16 cookie1

GROUPING SETS

在一个GROUP BY查询中,根据不同的维度组合进行聚合,等价于将不同维度的GROUP BY结果集进行UNION ALL

 
 
  1. SELECT
  2. month,
  3. day,
  4. COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
  5. GROUPING__ID
  6. FROM lxw1234
  7. GROUP BY month,day
  8. GROUPING SETS (month,day)
  9. ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
  10.  
  11. month day uv GROUPING__ID
  12. ------------------------------------------------
  13. 2015-03 NULL 5 1
  14. 2015-04 NULL 6 1
  15. NULL 2015-03-10 4 2
  16. NULL 2015-03-12 1 2
  17. NULL 2015-04-12 2 2
  18. NULL 2015-04-13 3 2
  19. NULL 2015-04-15 2 2
  20. NULL 2015-04-16 2 2
  21.  
  22.  
  23. 等价于
  24. SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month
  25. UNION ALL
  26. SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day

再如:

 
 
  1. SELECT
  2. month,
  3. day,
  4. COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
  5. GROUPING__ID
  6. FROM lxw1234
  7. GROUP BY month,day
  8. GROUPING SETS (month,day,(month,day))
  9. ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
  10.  
  11. month day uv GROUPING__ID
  12. ------------------------------------------------
  13. 2015-03 NULL 5 1
  14. 2015-04 NULL 6 1
  15. NULL 2015-03-10 4 2
  16. NULL 2015-03-12 1 2
  17. NULL 2015-04-12 2 2
  18. NULL 2015-04-13 3 2
  19. NULL 2015-04-15 2 2
  20. NULL 2015-04-16 2 2
  21. 2015-03 2015-03-10 4 3
  22. 2015-03 2015-03-12 1 3
  23. 2015-04 2015-04-12 2 3
  24. 2015-04 2015-04-13 3 3
  25. 2015-04 2015-04-15 2 3
  26. 2015-04 2015-04-16 2 3
  27.  
  28.  
  29. 等价于
  30. SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month
  31. UNION ALL
  32. SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
  33. UNION ALL
  34. SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month,day

其中的 GROUPING__ID,表示结果属于哪一个分组集合。

 

 

CUBE

根据GROUP BY的维度的所有组合进行聚合。

 
 
  1. SELECT
  2. month,
  3. day,
  4. COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
  5. GROUPING__ID
  6. FROM lxw1234
  7. GROUP BY month,day
  8. WITH CUBE
  9. ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
  10.  
  11.  
  12. month day uv GROUPING__ID
  13. --------------------------------------------
  14. NULL NULL 7 0
  15. 2015-03 NULL 5 1
  16. 2015-04 NULL 6 1
  17. NULL 2015-04-12 2 2
  18. NULL 2015-04-13 3 2
  19. NULL 2015-04-15 2 2
  20. NULL 2015-04-16 2 2
  21. NULL 2015-03-10 4 2
  22. NULL 2015-03-12 1 2
  23. 2015-03 2015-03-10 4 3
  24. 2015-03 2015-03-12 1 3
  25. 2015-04 2015-04-16 2 3
  26. 2015-04 2015-04-12 2 3
  27. 2015-04 2015-04-13 3 3
  28. 2015-04 2015-04-15 2 3
  29.  
  30.  
  31.  
  32. 等价于
  33. SELECT NULL,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,0 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234
  34. UNION ALL
  35. SELECT month,NULL,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,1 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month
  36. UNION ALL
  37. SELECT NULL,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,2 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY day
  38. UNION ALL
  39. SELECT month,day,COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,3 AS GROUPING__ID FROM lxw1234 GROUP BY month,day

 

ROLLUP

是CUBE的子集,以最左侧的维度为主,从该维度进行层级聚合。

 
 
  1. 比如,以month维度进行层级聚合:
  2. SELECT
  3. month,
  4. day,
  5. COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
  6. GROUPING__ID
  7. FROM lxw1234
  8. GROUP BY month,day
  9. WITH ROLLUP
  10. ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
  11.  
  12. month day uv GROUPING__ID
  13. ---------------------------------------------------
  14. NULL NULL 7 0
  15. 2015-03 NULL 5 1
  16. 2015-04 NULL 6 1
  17. 2015-03 2015-03-10 4 3
  18. 2015-03 2015-03-12 1 3
  19. 2015-04 2015-04-12 2 3
  20. 2015-04 2015-04-13 3 3
  21. 2015-04 2015-04-15 2 3
  22. 2015-04 2015-04-16 2 3
  23.  
  24. 可以实现这样的上钻过程:
  25. 月天的UV->月的UV->总UV
 
 
  1. --把monthday调换顺序,则以day维度进行层级聚合:
  2.  
  3. SELECT
  4. day,
  5. month,
  6. COUNT(DISTINCT cookieid) AS uv,
  7. GROUPING__ID
  8. FROM lxw1234
  9. GROUP BY day,month
  10. WITH ROLLUP
  11. ORDER BY GROUPING__ID;
  12.  
  13.  
  14. day month uv GROUPING__ID
  15. -------------------------------------------------------
  16. NULL NULL 7 0
  17. 2015-04-13 NULL 3 1
  18. 2015-03-12 NULL 1 1
  19. 2015-04-15 NULL 2 1
  20. 2015-03-10 NULL 4 1
  21. 2015-04-16 NULL 2 1
  22. 2015-04-12 NULL 2 1
  23. 2015-04-12 2015-04 2 3
  24. 2015-03-10 2015-03 4 3
  25. 2015-03-12 2015-03 1 3
  26. 2015-04-13 2015-04 3 3
  27. 2015-04-15 2015-04 2 3
  28. 2015-04-16 2015-04 2 3
  29.  
  30. 可以实现这样的上钻过程:
  31. 天月的UV->天的UV->总UV
  32. (这里,根据天和月进行聚合,和根据天聚合结果一样,因为有父子关系,如果是其他维度组合的话,就会不一样)

这种函数,需要结合实际场景和数据去使用和研究,只看说明的话,很难理解。

官网的介绍: https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Enhanced+Aggregation%2C+Cube%2C+Grouping+and+Rollup

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