vector中resize()和reserve()

Mark一下：

1.resize(n)和resize(n, t), 调整vector数组的大小，多减少补，后面的t是初始化数值，添加时会调用一次构造函数，如果n的大小大于容器的话，容器的内存分配器将自动重新分配内存，如果内存分配失败，会报错 bad_alloc 。

例子：（来自c++官方文档）

// resizing vector
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main ()
{
  std::vector<int> myvector;

  // set some initial content:
  for (int i=1;i<10;i++) myvector.push_back(i);

  myvector.resize(5);
  myvector.resize(8,100);
  myvector.resize(12);

  std::cout << "myvector contains:";
  for (int i=0;i<myvector.size();i++)
    std::cout << ' ' << myvector[i];
  std::cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

结果：

myvector contains: 1 2 3 4 5 100 100 100 0 0 0 0

2. reserve(n)和resize(n)差不多，当n大于当前容器容量会重新分配（可能抛出异常），否则，则不会重新分配。还有就是reserve增加的空间未被初始化不能引用。

下面是使用实例：

// vector::reserve
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main ()
{
  std::vector<int>::size_type sz;

  std::vector<int> foo;
  sz = foo.capacity();
  std::cout << "making foo grow:\n";
  for (int i=0; i<100; ++i) {
    foo.push_back(i);
    if (sz!=foo.capacity()) {
      sz = foo.capacity();
      std::cout << "capacity changed: " << sz << '\n';
    }
  }

  std::vector<int> bar;
  sz = bar.capacity();
  bar.reserve(100);   // this is the only difference with foo above
  std::cout << "making bar grow:\n";
  for (int i=0; i<100; ++i) {
    bar.push_back(i);
    if (sz!=bar.capacity()) {
      sz = bar.capacity();
      std::cout << "capacity changed: " << sz << '\n';
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

结果：

making foo grow:
capacity changed: 1
capacity changed: 2
capacity changed: 4
capacity changed: 8
capacity changed: 16
capacity changed: 32
capacity changed: 64
capacity changed: 128
making bar grow:
capacity changed: 100

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