一直在等待，一直会等待 RNN系列--2

tf.nn.rnn_cell.MultiRNNCell

        单层RNN的能力有限，有时需要多层的RNN。将x输入第一层RNN的后得到隐层状态h，这个隐层状态就相当于第二层RNN的输入，第二层RNN的隐层状态又相当于第三层RNN的输入，以此类推。

num_units = [128, 64]
cells = [BasicLSTMCell(num_units=n) for n in num_units]
stacked_rnn_cell = MultiRNNCell(cells)

初始化参数

__init__(
    cells,
    state_is_tuple=True
)

cells: 以RNNCells构成的list
state_is_tuple: If True, accepted and returned states are n-tuples, where n = len(cells). If False, the states are all concatenated along the column axis. This latter behavior will soon be deprecated.

tf.nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell

        Gated Recurrent Unit cell
        源代码解析

@tf_export("nn.rnn_cell.GRUCell")
class GRUCell(LayerRNNCell):


  def call(self, inputs, state):
    """Gated recurrent unit (GRU) with nunits cells."""

    gate_inputs = math_ops.matmul(
        array_ops.concat([inputs, state], 1), self._gate_kernel)
    gate_inputs = nn_ops.bias_add(gate_inputs, self._gate_bias)

    value = math_ops.sigmoid(gate_inputs)
    r, u = array_ops.split(value=value, num_or_size_splits=2, axis=1)

    r_state = r * state

    candidate = math_ops.matmul(
        array_ops.concat([inputs, r_state], 1), self._candidate_kernel)
    candidate = nn_ops.bias_add(candidate, self._candidate_bias)

    c = self._activation(candidate)
    new_h = u * state + (1 - u) * c
    return new_h, new_h

tf.nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell

# TODO(scottzhu): Stop exporting this class in TF 2.0.
# TF 2.0 时将会被移除

@tf_export("nn.rnn_cell.BasicLSTMCell")
class BasicLSTMCell(LayerRNNCell):
  def call(self, inputs, state):
    """Long short-term memory cell (LSTM).

    Args:
      inputs: `2-D` tensor with shape `[batch_size, input_size]`.
      state: An `LSTMStateTuple` of state tensors, each shaped
        `[batch_size, num_units]`, if `state_is_tuple` has been set to
        `True`.  Otherwise, a `Tensor` shaped
        `[batch_size, 2 * num_units]`.

    Returns:
      A pair containing the new hidden state, and the new state (either a
        `LSTMStateTuple` or a concatenated state, depending on
        `state_is_tuple`).
    """
    sigmoid = math_ops.sigmoid
    one = constant_op.constant(1, dtype=dtypes.int32)
    # Parameters of gates are concatenated into one multiply for efficiency.
    if self._state_is_tuple:
      c, h = state
    else:
      c, h = array_ops.split(value=state, num_or_size_splits=2, axis=one)

    gate_inputs = math_ops.matmul(
        array_ops.concat([inputs, h], 1), self._kernel)
    gate_inputs = nn_ops.bias_add(gate_inputs, self._bias)

    # i = input_gate, j = new_input, f = forget_gate, o = output_gate
    i, j, f, o = array_ops.split(
        value=gate_inputs, num_or_size_splits=4, axis=one)

    forget_bias_tensor = constant_op.constant(self._forget_bias, dtype=f.dtype)
    # Note that using `add` and `multiply` instead of `+` and `*` gives a
    # performance improvement. So using those at the cost of readability.
    add = math_ops.add
    multiply = math_ops.multiply
    new_c = add(multiply(c, sigmoid(add(f, forget_bias_tensor))),
                multiply(sigmoid(i), self._activation(j)))
    new_h = multiply(self._activation(new_c), sigmoid(o))

    if self._state_is_tuple:
      new_state = LSTMStateTuple(new_c, new_h)
    else:
      new_state = array_ops.concat([new_c, new_h], 1)
    return new_h, new_state

tf.nn.rnn_cell.LSTMCell

@tf_export("nn.rnn_cell.LSTMCell")
class LSTMCell(LayerRNNCell):
  def call(self, inputs, state):
    """Run one step of LSTM.

    Args:
      inputs: input Tensor, 2D, `[batch, num_units].
      state: if `state_is_tuple` is False, this must be a state Tensor,
        `2-D, [batch, state_size]`.  If `state_is_tuple` is True, this must be a
        tuple of state Tensors, both `2-D`, with column sizes `c_state` and
        `m_state`.

    Returns:
      A tuple containing:

      - A `2-D, [batch, output_dim]`, Tensor representing the output of the
        LSTM after reading `inputs` when previous state was `state`.
        Here output_dim is:
           num_proj if num_proj was set,
           num_units otherwise.
      - Tensor(s) representing the new state of LSTM after reading `inputs` when
        the previous state was `state`.  Same type and shape(s) as `state`.

    Raises:
      ValueError: If input size cannot be inferred from inputs via
        static shape inference.
    """
    num_proj = self._num_units if self._num_proj is None else self._num_proj
    sigmoid = math_ops.sigmoid

    if self._state_is_tuple:
      (c_prev, m_prev) = state
    else:
      c_prev = array_ops.slice(state, [0, 0], [-1, self._num_units])
      m_prev = array_ops.slice(state, [0, self._num_units], [-1, num_proj])

    input_size = inputs.get_shape().with_rank(2)[1]
    if input_size.value is None:
      raise ValueError("Could not infer input size from inputs.get_shape()[-1]")

    # i = input_gate, j = new_input, f = forget_gate, o = output_gate
    lstm_matrix = math_ops.matmul(
        array_ops.concat([inputs, m_prev], 1), self._kernel)
    lstm_matrix = nn_ops.bias_add(lstm_matrix, self._bias)

    i, j, f, o = array_ops.split(
        value=lstm_matrix, num_or_size_splits=4, axis=1)
    # Diagonal connections
    if self._use_peepholes:
      c = (sigmoid(f + self._forget_bias + self._w_f_diag * c_prev) * c_prev +
           sigmoid(i + self._w_i_diag * c_prev) * self._activation(j))
    else:
      c = (sigmoid(f + self._forget_bias) * c_prev + sigmoid(i) *
           self._activation(j))

    if self._cell_clip is not None:
      # pylint: disable=invalid-unary-operand-type
      c = clip_ops.clip_by_value(c, -self._cell_clip, self._cell_clip)
      # pylint: enable=invalid-unary-operand-type
    if self._use_peepholes:
      m = sigmoid(o + self._w_o_diag * c) * self._activation(c)
    else:
      m = sigmoid(o) * self._activation(c)

    if self._num_proj is not None:
      m = math_ops.matmul(m, self._proj_kernel)

      if self._proj_clip is not None:
        # pylint: disable=invalid-unary-operand-type
        m = clip_ops.clip_by_value(m, -self._proj_clip, self._proj_clip)
        # pylint: enable=invalid-unary-operand-type

    new_state = (LSTMStateTuple(c, m) if self._state_is_tuple else
                 array_ops.concat([c, m], 1))
    return m, new_state