在写UT的时候,会经常使用到Mockito来写测试用例,但是Mockito无法对静态方法、私有方法以及final方法进行mock。这里可以使用功能强大的PowerMock来实现。
PowerMock使用一个自定义类加载器和字节码操作来模拟静态方法,构造函数,final类和方法,私有方法,去除静态初始化器等等。通过使用自定义的类加载器,简化采用的IDE或持续集成服务器不需要做任何改变。目前PowerMock支持EasyMock和Mockito。
闲话少说,先上代码:
这里需要用到一些依赖包,项目用maven管理,添加如下依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.powermock/powermock-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mockito/mockito-all -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2-beta</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
先是一个util类:Calculate.java
public class CalculateUtil {
public static int add(int a, int b){
return a + b;
}
}
然后是测试类
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest( CalculateUtil.class )
public class CalculateUtilTest {
@Test
public void add() {
PowerMockito.mockStatic(CalculateUtil.class);
PowerMockito.when(CalculateUtil.add(1, 1)).thenReturn(0);
assertEquals(0,CalculateUtil.add(1,1));
}
}
这里可以看出,我们让add方法在执行1+1操作时,返回的结果为0,然后使用assertEquals返回的是相等。可以让静态方法返回指定值了。
异常:
当执行报如下异常时:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/powermock/core/classloader/annotations/Mock
at org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.getMockAnnotations(AnnotationEnabler.java:128)
at org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.standardInject(AnnotationEnabler.java:84)
at org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.beforeTestMethod(AnnotationEnabler.java:63)
at org.powermock.tests.utils.impl.PowerMockTestNotifierImpl.notifyBeforeTestMethod(PowerMockTestNotifierImpl.java:82)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:308)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:131)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.access$100(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:59)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner$TestExecutorStatement.evaluate(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:147)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.evaluateStatement(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:107)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:82)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:298)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:87)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:50)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:218)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:160)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$1.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:134)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:136)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:117)
这里应该是导入的包出错了。我当时就遇到了这个情况,是
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
导入错了,导入成了
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId>
<version>2.0.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
注意:两者的artifctld的不一样的,要使用有2的这个