python自带的一些冷僻函数

repr()

返回一个对象的 string 格式

class EvalSegErr(Exception):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def __str__(self):
        return repr(self.value)
    
if 1==1:
    raise EvalSegErr({'1':'Smith',2:'William'})

EvalSegErr: {'1': 'Smith', 2: 'William'}

hasattr()

if hasattr(dcm, 'RescaleSlope'):
    img = dcm.pixel_array * dcm.RescaleSlope + dcm.RescaleIntercept

itemgetter()

from operator import itemgetter

a={   'publishing': 64,
      'group': 928,
      'rudolph': 8,
      'and': 17474,
      'former': 306,
      'consolidated': 37,
      'gold': 165}
b=sorted(a, key=itemgetter(1))

rows = [{'fname': 'Brian', 'lname': 'Jones', 'uid': 1003},
        {'fname': 'David', 'lname': 'Beazley', 'uid': 1002},
        {'fname': 'John', 'lname': 'Cleese', 'uid': 1001},
        {'fname': 'Big', 'lname': 'Jones', 'uid': 1004}]

rows_by_fname = sorted(rows, key=itemgetter('fname'))

getattr(object, name[, default])

该函数用于返回一个对象属性值，括号里两个值。返回可以是数、string、函数、方法等。

class A(object):        
    def set(self, a, b):
         x = a        
         a = b        
         b = x        
         print (a, b)   

a = A()                 
a1 = getattr(a, 'set')
a1(a='1', b='2')


class B(object):
    bar = 1

b = B()
b1=getattr(b, 'bar') 

class C(object):
    bar = 's'

c = C()
c1=getattr(c, 'bar') 

collections.namedtuple

动态的创建一个继承tuple的子类。跟tuple相比，返回的子类可以使用名称来访问元素。元素可以是函数。

from collections import namedtuple
Account = namedtuple('a1',["name","pwd",'pn'])

def g1(x):
    return x**2+1

obj1 = Account("Jack", "123456",g1)
print(obj1.name)
print(obj1.pwd)
print(obj1.pn)
print(obj1.pn(10))

print(type(obj1))

Jack
123456
<function g1 at 0x7f81b2cb3ae8>
101
<class '__main__.a1'>