一. 在Linux内核驱动中使用信号量(semaphore)常规操作步骤:
[0]. 定义信号量结构体变量;
struct semaphore sem;
[1]. 初始化信号量变量
void sema_init(struct semaphore *sem, int n);
eg. sema_init(&sem, 1);
[2]. 获取信号量:
void down(struct semaphore *sem); // 获取信号量, 资源不足则睡眠等待
int down_trylock(struct semaphore* sem); // 试图获取信号量, 如果没有则直接返回 不睡眠
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore* sem); // 获取信号量, 可以被信号打断;
[3]. 释放信号量:
void up(struct semaphore* sem); // 释放信号量, 唤醒信号等待队列中的第一个等待进程
二. 重要的数据结构体:
struct semaphore {
raw_spinlock_t lock;
unsigned int count;
struct list_head wait_list;
};
struct semaphore_waiter {
struct task_struct *task;
bool up;
struct list_head list;
};
三. down操作源码分析, 以down函数为例:
void down(struct semaphore *sem)
{
unsigned long flags;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
if (likely(sem->count > 0))
sem->count--;
else
__down(sem);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
}
static noinline void __sched __down(struct semaphore *sem)
{
__down_common(sem, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE, MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
}
static inline int __sched __down_common(struct semaphore *sem, long state, long timeout)
{
struct task_struct *task = current;
struct semaphore_waiter waiter;
list_add_tail(&waiter.list, &sem->wait_list);
waiter.task = task;
waiter.up = false;
for (;;) {
if (signal_pending_state(state, task))
goto interrupted;
if (unlikely(timeout <= 0))
goto timed_out;
__set_task_state(task, state);
raw_spin_unlock_irq(&sem->lock);
timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
raw_spin_lock_irq(&sem->lock);
if (waiter.up)
return 0;
}
timed_out:
list_del(&waiter.list);
return -ETIME;
interrupted:
list_del(&waiter.list);
return -EINTR;
}
四. up操作源码分析, 以up函数为例:
void up(struct semaphore *sem)
{
unsigned long flags;
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
if (likely(list_empty(&sem->wait_list)))
sem->count++;
else
__up(sem);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
}
static noinline void __sched __up(struct semaphore *sem)
{
struct semaphore_waiter *waiter = list_first_entry(&sem->wait_list,
struct semaphore_waiter, list);
list_del(&waiter->list);
waiter->up = true;
wake_up_process(waiter->task);
}
五. 流程分析与注意点:
[0]. sem->count的数值>=0, 如果count>0, 说明当前信号量没有被占用, 可以获取;
如果count<=0(==0), 需要根据sem->list来添加等待任务或者唤醒任务;