设计模式之建造者模式(Builder)

在文章之前，简单介绍下设计模式中的分类：

总体来说设计模式分为三大类：

创建型模式，共五种：工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式、单例模式、建造者模式、原型模式。

结构型模式，共七种：适配器模式、装饰器模式、代理模式、外观模式、桥接模式、组合模式、享元模式。

行为型模式，共十一种：策略模式、模板方法模式、观察者模式、迭代子模式、责任链模式、命令模式、备忘录模式、状态模式、访问者模式、中介者模式、解释器模式。

以上也就是常说的23种设计模式，设计模式还有六大原则：

 

单一职责原则，里氏替换原则，依赖倒置原则，接口隔壁原则，迪米特法则，开闭原则

 

建造者模式属于创建型模式，在构建对象完成后返回生成的对象，并且将对象的构建与表示分离。

简单的看下图例:

/**
 * Created by diy_os on 2016/11/3.
 */
public class Person {
    private int id;//身份证
    private int age; //年龄
    private String name; //姓名
    private String address; //住址
    private boolean Marry;  //是否结婚
    private String level;   //水平

    private Person(Builder builder) { //私有化显示类构造器
        this.age = builder.age;
        this.id = builder.id;
        this.address = builder.address;
        this.level = builder.level;
        this.Marry = builder.Marry;
        this.name = builder.name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public boolean getMarray() {
        return Marry;
    }

    public String getLevel() {
        return level;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "id=" + id + "\n" +
                "name=" + name + "\n"
                + "age=" + age + "\n" +
                "address=" + address + "\n" +
                "level=" + level + "\n" +
                "Marrry=" + Marry + "\n";
    }

    public static class Builder {
        private int id;//身份证
        private int age; //年龄
        private String name; //姓名
        private String address; //住址
        private boolean Marry;  //是否结婚
        private String level;   //水平

        public Builder() {

        }

        public Builder setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
            return this;  //返回当前对象
        }

        public Builder setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setAddress(String address) {
            this.address = address;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setMarray(boolean marray) {
            this.Marry = marray;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setLevel(String level) {
            this.level = level;
            return this;
        }

        public Person builder() {
            return new Person(this);  
        }
    }
}

测试类:

/**
 * Created by diy_os on 2016/11/3.
 */
public class Main {
    private String p;
    private String q;

    public Main setP(String p) {
        this.p = p;
        return this;
    }

    public Main setQ(String q) {
        this.q = q;
        return this;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "p=" + p + "\n" + "q=" + q + "\n";
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person1 = new Person.Builder().setAddress("chongqing").setAge(22).setId(1).setLevel("3").setMarray(false).setName("diy_os").builder();
        System.out.println(person1.getName());
        System.out.print(person1);
        Person person2 = new Person.Builder().setAddress("chongqing").setLevel("3").setMarray(false).setName("diy_os").builder();
        System.out.print(person2);
        Main main = new Main();
        System.out.println(main.setP("p").setQ("q").toString());
    }
}