Python使用pip安装包时在Collecting报错 ( 运行超时 )

问题描述： Python萌新，在安装包的时候时钟卡死在Collecting，选择更新pip工具也一样出现同一个错误。

没有保存错误信息，在网上copy了相似的(前两行都出现了加粗字)：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py”, line 302, in _error_catcher
yield
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py”, line 384, in read
data = self._fp.read(amt)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py”, line 60, in read
data = self.__fp.read(amt)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\http\client.py”, line 449, in read
n = self.readinto(b)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\http\client.py”, line 493, in readinto
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\socket.py”, line 586, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\ssl.py”, line 1009, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\ssl.py”, line 871, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\ssl.py”, line 631, in read
v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\basecommand.py”, line 228, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\commands\install.py”, line 291, in run
resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\resolve.py”, line 103, in resolve
self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\resolve.py”, line 257, in _resolve_one
abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\resolve.py”, line 210, in _get_abstract_dist_for
self.require_hashes
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\operations\prepare.py”, line 310, in prepare_linked_requirement
progress_bar=self.progress_bar
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\download.py”, line 837, in unpack_url
progress_bar=progress_bar
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\download.py”, line 674, in unpack_http_url
progress_bar)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\download.py”, line 898, in _download_http_url
_download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\download.py”, line 618, in _download_url
hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\utils\hashes.py”, line 48, in check_against_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\download.py”, line 586, in written_chunks
for chunk in chunks:
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\utils\ui.py”, line 159, in iter
for x in it:
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_internal\download.py”, line 575, in resp_read
decode_content=False):
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py”, line 436, in stream
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py”, line 401, in read
raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\contextlib.py”, line 99, in exit
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File “d:\usedtool\python\lib\site-packages\pip_vendor\urllib3\response.py”, line 307, in _error_catcher
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, ‘Read timed out.’)
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host=‘files.pythonhosted.org’, port=443): Read timed out.

解决方法： 使用国内镜像文件下载，即在pip命令后添加-i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple
也可以更换成其他的网站，目前已知有

http://pypi.douban.com/ 豆瓣
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple 阿里云
http://pypi.hustunique.com/ 华中理工大学
http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/ 山东理工大学
http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ 中国科学技术大学

示例：pip install pyecharts -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple

任何命令在后头直接添加就好了，即使是像python -m pip install --upgrade pip 也可以直接在后头加就行了。
python -m pip install --upgrade pip -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple

可以通过修改配置文件从而在以后的安装中无须手动添加

具体做法可以参照这篇文章为pip添加国内源 by Magicking