pip安装软件失败

用pip按照软件时报错：

Collecting pip
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 346, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 787, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connection.py", line 252, in connect
    ssl_version=resolved_ssl_version)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/util/ssl_.py", line 305, in ssl_wrap_socket
    return context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 377, in wrap_socket
    _context=self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 752, in __init__
    self.do_handshake()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 988, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 633, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
socket.timeout: _ssl.c:629: The handshake operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 560, in urlopen
    body=body, headers=headers)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 349, in _make_request
    self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 309, in _raise_timeout
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=

%s)" % timeout_value)
requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: 

HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.python.org', port=443): Read timed out. 

(read timeout=15)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, 

in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 

328, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in 

build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 360, 

in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 512, 

in _prepare_file
    finder, self.upgrade, require_hashes)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 

273, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 442, in 

find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 400, in 

find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 545, in 

_get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 648, in 

_get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 757, in 

get_page
    "Cache-Control": "max-age=600",
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 480, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 378, in 

request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, 

**kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 468, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 576, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.5-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/cachecontrol/adapter.py", line 46, in send
    resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/requests/adapters.py", line 376, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 610, in urlopen
    _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.13.1-py2.py3-none-

any.whl/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 228, in increment
    total -= 1
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'Retry' and 'int'

满屏红色我还以为是什么大事，结果只是因为网速不好下不下来。
将下载源更改到国内镜像即可。

国内镜像源

清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

阿里云：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

华中理工大学：http://pypi.hustunique.com/

山东理工大学：http://pypi.sdutlinux.org/

豆瓣：http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

更改方式

在命令后添加参数-i <镜像源地址>，如：

sudo pip install -r tools/pip-requires -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple

然后就可以开心下载了。

这种方法和处理update速度慢的方法本质上是一致的，都是更改软件的下载源。
如果以后遇到类似访问国外网站速度慢的问题，也可以采用这种思路解决。