ARFCN与GSCN

5G ARFCN与GSCN

主题：ARFCN与GSCN的辨析
时间：2021年1月5日
作者：ybb
参考：
TS38.104、TS38.213
http://www.sharetechnote.com/
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_45416816/article/details/102958276?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-OPENSEARCH-1.control&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant_t0.none-task-blog-OPENSEARCH-1.control

ARFCN(信道栅格)

先来看ARFCN在TS38.104 5.4.2.1 :NR-ARFCN and channel raster中的定义

The global frequency raster defines a set of RF reference frequencies
FREF. The RF reference frequency is used in signalling to identify the
position of RF channels, SS blocks and other elements. The global
frequency raster is defined for all frequencies from 0 to 100 GHz. The
granularity of the global frequency raster is ΔFGlobal. RF reference
frequencies are designated by an NR Absolute Radio Frequency Channel
Number (NR-ARFCN) in the range [0…3279165] on the global frequency
raster. The relation between the NR-ARFCN and the RF reference
frequency FREF in MHz is given by the following equation, where
FREF-Offs and NRef-Offs are given in table 5.4.2.1-1 and NREF is the
NR-ARFCN.
解释：
全局频率栅格定义了一组RF参考频率FREF。 RF参考频率用于信令中以标识RF信道，SS块和其他元素的位置。 为0至100 GHz的所有频率定义了全局频率栅格。 全局频率栅格的粒度为ΔFGlobal。
RF参考频率由NR绝对射频频道号（NR-ARFCN）在全局频率光栅上的[0…3279165]范围内指定。 NR-ARFCN和RF参考频率FREF之间的关系（以MHz为单位）由以下公式给出，其中FREF-Offs和NRef-Offs在表5.4.2.1-1中给出，NREF为NR-ARFCN。

ARFCN针对不同频段以一种细粒度的区分方式用于确定参考频率，
不同频段采用的计算方法不同，

仔细阅读下面这句话：

The channel raster defines a subset of RF reference frequencies that can be used to identify the RF channel position in the uplink and downlink. The RF reference frequency for an RF channel maps to a resource element on the carrier. For each operating band, a subset of frequencies from the global frequency raster are applicable for that band and forms a channel raster with a granularity ΔFRaster, which may be equal to or larger than ΔFGlobal.
解释：
信道栅格定义了RF参考频率的子集，可用于标识上行链路和下行链路中的RF信道位置。 用于RF信道的RF参考频率映射到载波上的资源元素。 对于每个工作频带，来自全局频率栅格的频率子集适用于该频带，并形成粒度为ΔFRaster的信道栅格，该粒度可以等于或大于ΔFGlobal。

定义了的ARFCN会在不同的operating band使用，
TS38.104 5.4.2.3-1: Applicable NR-ARFCN per operating band in FR1

For frequency bands with two ΔFRaster in FR1, the higher ΔFRaster
applies to channels using only the SCS that is equal to or larger than
the higher ΔFRaster and SSB SCS is equal to the higher ΔFRaster. 解释：
对于FR1中具有两个ΔFRaster的频带，较高的ΔFRaster应用于仅使用等于或大于较高的ΔFRaster的SCS且SSB SCS等于较高的ΔFRaster的信道。
也就是说n41中的两种要与SCS对应。

补充：信道栅格映射到RE

The mapping between the RF reference frequency on the channel raster
and the corresponding resource element is given in table 5.4.2.2-1 and
can be used to identify the RF channel position. The mapping depends
on the total number of RBs that are allocated in the channel and
applies to both UL and DL. The mapping must apply to at least one
numerology supported by the BS. 解释：
表5.4.2.2.2给出了通道光栅上的RF参考频率与相应资源元素之间的映射，可用于识别RF通道位置。
映射取决于在信道中分配的RB总数，并且适用于UL和DL。 该映射必须适用于BS支持的至少一种命理。

GSCN（同步栅格）

The synchronization raster indicates the frequency positions of the
synchronization block that can be used by the UE for system
acquisition when explicit signalling of the synchronization block
position is not present. A global synchronization raster is defined
for all frequencies. The frequency position of the SS block is defined
as SSREF with corresponding number GSCN. The parameters defining the
SSREF and GSCN for all the frequency ranges are in table 5.4.3.1-1.
The resource element corresponding to the SS block reference frequency
SSREF is given in clause 5.4.3.2. The synchronization raster and the
subcarrier spacing of the synchronization block is defined separately
for each band.
解释： 同步光栅指示当不存在同步块位置的显式信令时，UE可以将其用于系统获取的同步块的频率位置。
为所有频率定义了全局同步栅格。 SS块的频率位置定义为SSREF，其编号为GSCN。
在表5.4.3.1.1中定义了所有频率范围的SSREF和GSCN的参数。
在5.4.3.2节中给出了与SS块参考频率SSREF相对应的资源元素。 针对每个频带分别定义同步光栅和同步块的子载波间隔。

为什么用GSCN（加快第一次同步速度）:

But in SA, UE need to blindly detect SSB since UE need to detect this
before it gets any RRC (MIB, SIB). If UE needs to search SSB based on
ARFCN raster, it would take too long time since ARFCN raster is very
narrow. So it would be good to define a SSB searching frequency in
wider steps. This is the usage/purpose of GSCN.

补充CaseA、CaseB、CaseC
Cell search is the procedure for a UE to acquire time and frequency synchronization with a cell and to detect the physical layer Cell ID of the cell.
小区搜索是UE获得与小区时间和频率同步的过程，检测小区的物理层小区ID
A UE receives the following synchronization signals (SS) in order to perform cell search: the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) as defined in [4, TS 38.211].
进行小区搜索UE需要接收下面的同步信号：PSS、SSS
A UE assumes that reception occasions of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), PSS, and SSS are in consecutive symbols, as defined in [4, TS 38.211], and form a SS/PBCH block. The UE assumes that SSS, PBCH DM-RS, and PBCH data have same EPRE. The UE may assume that the ratio of PSS EPRE to SSS EPRE in a SS/PBCH block is either 0 dB or 3 dB. If the UE has not been provided dedicated higher layer parameters, the UE may assume that the ratio of PDCCH DMRS EPRE to SSS EPRE is within -8 dB and 8 dB when the UE monitors PDCCHs for a DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by SI-RNTI, P-RNTI, or RA-RNTI.
UE假设PBCH、PSS、SSS的接收是在连续的符号上面形成SS/PBCH。UE假设SSS、PBCH DM-RS和PBCH有相同的EPRE。UE假设PSS EPRE与SSS EPRE的比为0dB或3dB。如果没有专用的高层信息提供给UE,UE假设PDCCH DMRS EPRE与SSS EPRE的比为-8dB到8dB，当UE监控PDCCH为DCI 格式1_0用CRC扰码SI-RNTI、P-RNTI、RA-RNTI
For a half frame with SS/PBCH blocks, the first symbol indexes for candidate SS/PBCH blocks are determined according to the SCS of SS/PBCH blocks as follows, where index 0 corresponds to the first symbol of the first slot in a half-frame.
SS/PBCH的半帧内，候选SS/PBCH的第一个符号指示根据SS/PBCH的子载波间隔确定。指示0对应半帧内第一个时隙的第一个符号。

• Case A - 15 kHz SCS: the first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have indexes of .
  Case A-15kHz子载波间隔：SS/PBCH的开始指示

• For operation without shared spectrum channel access:

• For carrier frequencies smaller than or equal to 3 GHz, .
  对于载波频率小于等于3GHz

• For carrier frequencies within FR1 larger than 3 GHz, .
  对于载波频率3-6GHz

• For operation with shared spectrum channel access, as described in [15, TS 37.213], .

• Case B - 30 kHz SCS: the first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have indexes . For carrier frequencies smaller than or equal to 3 GHz, . For carrier frequencies within FR1 larger than 3 GHz, .
  Case B - 30kHz子载波间隔：候选SS/PBCH的第一个符号的指示
  ，n与载波频率有关

• Case C - 30 kHz SCS: the first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have indexes .

• For operation without shared spectrum channel access

• • For paired spectrum operation
    FDD对称频谱：

• For carrier frequencies smaller than or equal to 3 GHz, . For carrier frequencies within FR1 larger than 3 GHz, .
  TDD非对称频谱：

• For unpaired spectrum operation without shared spectrum channel access

• For carrier frequencies smaller than or equal to 2.4 GHz, . For carrier frequencies within FR1 larger than 2.4 GHz, .

• For operation with shared spectrum channel access, .

• Case D - 120 kHz SCS: the first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have indexes
  . For carrier frequencies within FR2, .

• Case E - 240 kHz SCS: the first symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have indexes
  . For carrier frequencies within FR2, .

From the above cases, if the SCS of SS/PBCH blocks is not provided by ssbSubcarrierSpacing, the applicable cases for a cell depend on a respective frequency band, as provided in [8-1, TS 38.101-1] and [8-2, TS 38.101-2]. A same case applies for all SS/PBCH blocks on the cell. If a 30 kHz SS/PBCH block SCS is indicated by ssbSubcarrierSpacing, Case B applies for frequency bands with only 15 kHz SS/PBCH block SCS as specified in [8-1, TS 38.101-1], and the case specified for 30 kHz SS/PBCH block SCS in [8-1, TS 38.101-1] applies for frequency bands with 30 kHz SS/PBCH block SCS or both 15 kHz and 30 kHz SS/PBCH block SCS as specified in [8-1, TS 38.101-1]. For a UE configured to operate with carrier aggregation over a set of cells in a frequency band of FR2 or with frequency-contiguous carrier aggregation over a set of cells in a frequency band of FR1, if the UE is provided SCS values by ssbSubcarrierSpacing for receptions of SS/PBCH blocks on any cells from the set of cells, the UE expects the SCS values to be same.
从上面例子中，如果SS/PBCH的子载波间隔未被ssbSubcarrierSpacing提供，小区的应用例子取决于频带所处的位置。

总结如下：