Django 里的app概念

在 vs code 里的 Terminal 里运行下面的命令来创建一个项目文件夹

django-admin startproject [新项目名称]

进入到刚刚创建的新项目的文件夹，在 urls.py 文件里进行修改

"""
URL configuration for mywebsite project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

# 自己定义的函数
def home(request):
    from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
    return HttpResponse("成功")

urlpatterns = [
    path('xxx/', home),  # 创建一个新的path，来调用自己定义的函数
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

运行下面的命令

python manage.py runserver

在下面的url就能看到“成功”的返回

http://127.0.0.1:8000/xxx/

---

上面的方法虽然可以自己创建一个网址，但是不是那么方便进行扩展。就得用到 Django 里的 app。

创建一个app的命令如下

python manage.py startapp [app的名字]

文件夹里的结构分布

新项目文件夹
	- app   所有的功能管理
		- views.py  [视图函数，接收请求处理业务逻辑]
		- models.py [创建数据库表结构，操作表中的数据]
		- migrations
		- test.py   [单元测试]
		- apps.py   [配置]
		- admin.py  [Django内置后台管理]
	- 新项目名称
		- settings.py
		- urls.py
		- wsgi.py
		- asgi.py

创建好之后，就得在app文件夹里的views.py里实现功能

# views.py 文件

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse   # 添加这个

# Create your views here.
# 自己写的函数
def home(request):
    return HttpResponse("成功")

为了让在urls.py文件里能调用views.py里的函数，可以这么操作

"""
URL configuration for mywebsite project.

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views  # 得写这个

urlpatterns = [
    path('xxx/', views.home),  # 得写这个，必须注意到 views.home 
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

运行下面的命令行，就可以登录到网页里看到效果了

python manage.py runserver

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