数据可视化 Matplotlib

数据可视化

	Matplotlib
	        |
	      Numpy
	      Matlab

1.基本绘图
mp.plot(水平坐标, 垂直坐标)
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)#负pi到正pi，取1000个点
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2#余弦曲线
sin_y = np.sin(x)#正弦曲线
mp.plot(x, cos_y)
mp.plot(x, sin_y)
mp.show()#将内存的图“秀到屏幕上，不会返回，因为它是阻塞函数”

2.线型、线宽和颜色
mp.plot(
…, linestyle=线型, linewidth=线宽, color=颜色, …)
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2
sin_y = np.sin(x)
mp.plot(x, cos_y, linestyle='--', linewidth=1,
        color='red')
mp.plot(x, sin_y, linestyle=':', linewidth=3,
        color='green')
mp.show()

3.设置坐标范围
mp.xlim(水平坐标最小值, 水平坐标最大值)
mp.ylim(垂直坐标最小值, 垂直坐标最大值)
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2
sin_y = np.sin(x)
mp.xlim(x.min() * 1.2, x.max() * 1.2)
mp.ylim(sin_y.min() * 1.2, sin_y.max() * 1.2)
mp.plot(x, cos_y, linestyle='--', linewidth=1,
        color='red')
mp.plot(x, sin_y, linestyle=':', linewidth=3,
        color='green')
mp.show()

4.设置坐标刻度
mp.xticks(位置序列[, 标签序列])
mp.yticks(位置序列[, 标签序列])
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2
sin_y = np.sin(x)
mp.xlim(x.min() * 1.2, x.max() * 1.2)
mp.ylim(sin_y.min() * 1.2, sin_y.max() * 1.2)
mp.xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0,
           np.pi / 2, np.pi * 3 / 4, np.pi],
          [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$0$',
           r'$\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$\frac{3\pi}{4}$',
           r'$\pi$'])
mp.yticks([-1, -0.5, 0.5, 1])
mp.plot(x, cos_y, linestyle='--', linewidth=1,
        color='red')
mp.plot(x, sin_y, linestyle=':', linewidth=3,
        color='green')
mp.show()

5.设置坐标轴
坐标轴名：left/right/bottom/top
ax = mp.gca() # 获取当前坐标轴
ax.spines[‘坐标轴名’].set_position((坐标系, 坐标))
ax.spines[‘坐标轴名’].set_color(颜色)
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2
sin_y = np.sin(x)
mp.xlim(x.min() * 1.2, x.max() * 1.2)
mp.ylim(sin_y.min() * 1.2, sin_y.max() * 1.2)
mp.xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0,
           np.pi / 2, np.pi * 3 / 4, np.pi],
          [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$0$',
           r'$\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$\frac{3\pi}{4}$',
           r'$\pi$'])
mp.yticks([-1, -0.5, 0.5, 1])
ax = mp.gca()
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
mp.plot(x, cos_y, linestyle='--', linewidth=1,
        color='red')
mp.plot(x, sin_y, linestyle=':', linewidth=3,
        color='green')
mp.show()

6.图例
mp.plot(…, label=图例标签, …)
mp.legend([loc=位置]（可以缺省）)
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2
sin_y = np.sin(x)
mp.xlim(x.min() * 1.2, x.max() * 1.2)
mp.ylim(sin_y.min() * 1.2, sin_y.max() * 1.2)
mp.xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0,
           np.pi / 2, np.pi * 3 / 4, np.pi],
          [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$0$',
           r'$\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$\frac{3\pi}{4}$',
           r'$\pi$'])
mp.yticks([-1, -0.5, 0.5, 1])
ax = mp.gca()
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
mp.plot(x, cos_y, linestyle='--', linewidth=1,
        color='red', label=r'$y=\frac{1}{2}cos(x)$')
mp.plot(x, sin_y, linestyle=':', linewidth=3,
        color='green', label=r'$y=sin(x)$')
# mp.legend(loc='lower right')
mp.legend()
mp.show()

7.特殊点
mp.scatter(水平坐标, 垂直坐标, marker=点型, s=大小,
color=颜色, edgecolor=边缘色, facecolor=填充色,
zorder=图层序号)
代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as mp
x = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 1000)
cos_y = np.cos(x) / 2
sin_y = np.sin(x)
xo = np.pi * 3 / 4
yo_cos = np.cos(xo) / 2
yo_sin = np.sin(xo)
mp.xlim(x.min() * 1.2, x.max() * 1.2)
mp.ylim(sin_y.min() * 1.2, sin_y.max() * 1.2)
mp.xticks([-np.pi, -np.pi / 2, 0,
           np.pi / 2, np.pi * 3 / 4, np.pi],
          [r'$-\pi$', r'$-\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$0$',
           r'$\frac{\pi}{2}$', r'$\frac{3\pi}{4}$',
           r'$\pi$'])
mp.yticks([-1, -0.5, 0.5, 1])
ax = mp.gca()
ax.spines['left'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.spines['bottom'].set_position(('data', 0))
ax.spines['right'].set_color('none')
ax.spines['top'].set_color('none')
mp.plot(x, cos_y, linestyle='--', linewidth=1,
        co