String to Integer(atoi)

8. String to Integer (atoi)
题目的原意是 实现atoi 的方法来将String转换成数值。

方法的基本要求： 先去除第一个字母前的空格，然后判断第一个字母看是否是+，-，数字。如果是+给个+符号并且将光标移到下一个字母，如果是-， 给个-符号并且将光标移到下一个字母。 如果是数字，需要将数字的Strng格式的部分转换成数值。

例子：

Input: "42" 

Output：42

Input: "   -42"

output: -42

Input: "4193 with words"

Output: 4193

Input: "words and 987"

Output: 0

Input: "-91283472332"

Output：-2147483648

public class Solution {
    private static final int maxDiv10 = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10;
    public int myAtoi(String str) {
        int i = 0;
        int n = str.length();
        //move index to the non space character
        while (i < n && Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
            i++;
        }
        //use sign to identify + / - for the number
        int sign = 1;
        //if + do move the index to next, if - give sign = 1 and move the index to next
        if (i < n && str.charAt(i) == '+') {
            i++;
        } else if (i < n && str.charAt(i) == '-') {
            sign = -1;
            i++;
        }
        //now start to setup number
        int num = 0;
        while(i < n && Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
            //convert character into digit number by Character.getNumericValue()
            int digit = Character.getNumericValue(str.charAt(i));
            //the condition to have num = num*10 + digit is going to be
            //num < Integer.MAX_VALUE, so in the last digit to add in
            //num < maxDiv10, digit num should <= 8
            //in other words, if num > maxDiv10 we can use sign value to choose Integer.MIN_VALUE or Integer.MAX_VALUE
            //also if num == maxDiv10, we need consider the value of last digit. if digit >= 8, if sign == 1, return Integer.MAX_VALUE.
            //if digit == -1, return Integer.MIN_VALUE.
            if (num > maxDiv10 || num == maxDiv10 && digit >= 8) {
                return sign == -1 ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            }
            //if we pass the last step or we don't have these overflow case, we can add the last digit into num
            num = num * 10 + digit;
            //for each step we need move the index for one big
            i++;
        }
        //after get +/- and the integer value. we can get the final value
        return sign * num;
    }
}

解法二：

public int myAtoi(String str) {
        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        str = str.trim();
        int sign = 1;
        int start = 0;
        int len = str.length();
        long sum = 0;
        if (str.charAt(start) == '+') {
            start++;
        } else if (str.charAt(start) == '-') {
            sign = -1;
            start++;
        }
        for (int i = start; i < len; i++) {
            if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
                return (int) sum * sign;
            }
            sum = sum * 10 + (str.charAt(i) - '0');
            if (sign == 1 && sum > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            }
            if (sign == -1 && sign * sum < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
                return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            }
        }
        return (int) sum * sign;
}