首先看一个demo
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建一个Callable的对象
Callable<Integer> callable = () -> {
int i=0;
for(;i<10;i++){
System.out.println("i++");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
}
return i;
};
通过Callable兑现创建一个FutureTask对象
FutureTask<Integer> futureTask = new FutureTask<>(callable);
//通过FutureTask对象创建一个线程对象,并启动该线程
new Thread(futureTask).start();
//调用FutureTask的get方法
System.out.println(futureTask.get());
}
}
有时候面试的时候会问道Callable和Runable的区别
先看下Callbale接口吧,Callable是一个接口,只有一个call方法
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Callable<V> {
/**
* Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
*
* @return computed result
* @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
*/
V call() throws Exception;
}
接着看下FutureTask类,先看下继承关系
该类继承了一个Runable接口,就看下run方法吧,FutureTask有一个Callable的属性,run方法就是执行Callable的call()方法,并将执行的结果赋值给outcome ,并唤醒等待队列中的线程
public void run() {
if (state != NEW ||
!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
null, Thread.currentThread()))
return;
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
// runner must be non-null until state is settled to
// prevent concurrent calls to run()
runner = null;
// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
// leaked interrupts
int s = state;
if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
}
}
protected void set(V v) {
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
outcome = v;
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state
finishCompletion();
}
}
private void finishCompletion() {
// assert state > COMPLETING;
//唤醒等待队列中的线程
for (FutureTask.WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {
for (;;) {
Thread t = q.thread;
if (t != null) {
q.thread = null;
LockSupport.unpark(t);
}
FutureTask.WaitNode next = q.next;
if (next == null)
break;
q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
q = next;
}
break;
}
}
done();
callable = null; // to reduce footprint
}
该类继承了一个Future接口,也看下get方法吧
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);//如果线程状态是NEW,则进入等待状态
return report(s);
}
private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException {
final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
FutureTask.WaitNode q = null;
boolean queued = false;
/**
* 死循环,这里要让线程执行足够长的时间
* 1.第一次进入循环,q为null,执行 q = new FutureTask.WaitNode();
* 2.第二次进入循环,q不为null,queued=false,执行queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,q.next = waiters, q);
* 3.第三次进入循环,q不为null,queued=true,执行LockSupport.park(this); 该线程(调用get()方法的线程,这里就是主线程)变成WATING状态
*/
for (;;) {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
removeWaiter(q);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
int s = state;
if (s > COMPLETING) {
if (q != null)
q.thread = null;
return s;
}
else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
Thread.yield();
else if (q == null)
q = new FutureTask.WaitNode();
else if (!queued)
queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
q.next = waiters, q);
else if (timed) {
nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
if (nanos <= 0L) {
removeWaiter(q);
return state;
}
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
else
LockSupport.park(this);
}
}
/**
* 这个方法就是返回之前执行完成之后set的outcome!
*/
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
Object x = outcome;
if (s == NORMAL)
return (V)x;
if (s >= CANCELLED)
throw new CancellationException();
throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
}